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MSK - Midterm > 9/25 Development Of Nervous System - Dennis (Completed) > Flashcards

9/25 Development Of Nervous System - Dennis (Completed) Flashcards

1
Q

What occurs in gastrulation? 5

A

Development of the three germ layers (Epiblast, Mesoderm, Endoderm)

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2
Q

What germ tissue does neuralation occur in? 6

A

Ectoderm

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3
Q

What induces induction of the neural tube (neurulation)? 6

A

The Notochord

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4
Q

Besides the neural tube, what does the PNS develop from? 8

A

Neural crest cells

Neuroectoderm

Ectodermal placodes

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5
Q

What are the two types of sensory sensations of the PNS? 9

A

Somatic sensory

Visceral sensory

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6
Q

What information does the visceral sensory collect? 9

A

nausea, hunger

Special —> smell, taste

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7
Q

What information does somatic sensory collect? 9

A

Touch, pain, pressure

Special —> hearing, equilibrium, vision

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8
Q

Where is the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions found within? 10

A

Visceral motor of the efferent (motor) division of the PNS

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9
Q

What is the posterior region of the spinal cord dedicated to? 11

A

Sensory information

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10
Q

What is within the white matter of the spinal cord? 11

A

Lacks neuron cell bodies

Contains myelinated neuronal axons (tracts)

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11
Q

What is motor information processed by? 11

A

The anterior spinal cord

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12
Q

Where is the autonomic nervous system processed? 11

A

Lateral spinal cord

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13
Q

What is the Sulcus limitans? 12

A

An imaginary line we draw horizontally within a neural tube to show what will develop ventrally and what will develop dorsally within the organism

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14
Q

What are the three different lineages that neuroepithelium (neuroectoderm) can give rise to? 13

A

Apolar neuroblasts —> Neurons

Glioblasts:
—> astrocytes
—> oligodendroblasts

Ependyma —> epithelium of choroid plexus

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15
Q

What are the three different zones of the neural tube from the canal moving outward? 14

A 
Ventricular zone (stem cells)
 —> 
mantle/intermediate zone (neuron bodies/glial cells & axons) Grey Matter
—>
marginal zone (neuronal axons)
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16
Q

What happens at the end of the 4th week within the mantle zone? 16

A

Mantle layer reorganizes into:
—> alar (dorsal) plates/columns
—> basal (ventral) plates/columns

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17
Q

What information do the dorsal horns of the alar plate carry? 17

A

Sensory information

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18
Q

What information do the ventral horns of the basal plate carry? 17

A

Motor information

19
Q

What specifies motor neuron identity? 19

A

The varying [SHH] (sonic hedgehog)

20
Q

Where is SHH secreted from? 19

A

The basal floor plate (supplied by the notochord)

21
Q

What does a low [SHH] induce? 19

A

Multiple inteneurons induced

22
Q

What does a high [SHH] induce? 19

A

Motor neurons induced

23
Q

Once released from the basal floor plate, what does SHH target? 19

A

NKX2.2

NKX6.1

24
Q

What counteracts the SHH gradient? 20

A

BMP/TGF-β signaling from the alar roof plate

25
What does BMP4 activate? 20
PAX3 PAX7
26
What is the role of PAX3 and PAX7? 20
Responsible for induction of the dorsal association
27
What will form first? Motor or sensory neurons? 20
Motor neurons
28
Where would you find intermediolateral cell columns? 21
T1 - L3 S2 - S4
29
What do the intermediolateral cell columns ultimately form? 21
The lateral horns
30
What do the lateral horns give rise to? 21
Autonomic nervous system T1-L3 —> sympathetic division S2-S4 —> parasympathetic division
31
Generally speaking what can we call PNS? 22
Anything that leaves the spinal cord or returns to the spinal cord
32
What are sympathetic ganglia? 22
Pockets of neuronal cell bodies that contributes to the sympathetic nervous sytem
33
What gives rise to the ribs and vertebrae? 23
Cranial sclerotomes
34
What is a GSE Nerve? 26
General somatic efferent (somatic muscle)
35
What is a GVE Nerve? 26
General visceral efferent (autonomic to smooth and cardiac muscle and glands)
36
What is a SVE Nerve? 26
Branchial or Special visceral efferent (muscles derived from the pharyngeal arches)
37
What is a GSA Nerve? 26
General somatic afferent (sensory in the skin, joint capsule, tendon, muscle)
38
What is a GVA Nerve? 26
General visceral afferent (sensory of visceral structures)
39
What is a SSA Nerve? 26
Special somatic afferent (hearing, balance, sight)
40
What is a SVA Nerve? 26
Special visceral afferent (taste & smell)
41
Where are neural crest cells for the sympathetic nervous system derived from? 30
Trunk and collateral ganglia Ganglionic neurons
42
Where are neural crest cells for the parasympathetic nervous system derived from? 30
CN ganglia in the head and neck Terminal ganglia in trunk Ganglionic neurons
43
What myelinated in the CNS? What myelinated in the PNS? 32
CNS —> Oligodendrocytes PNS —> Schwann cells

MSK - Midterm (19 decks)

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