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MSK - Midterm > 9/25 Development Of Nervous System - Dennis (Completed) > Flashcards

9/25 Development Of Nervous System - Dennis (Completed) Flashcards

1
Q

What occurs in gastrulation? 5

A

Development of the three germ layers (Epiblast, Mesoderm, Endoderm)

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2
Q

What germ tissue does neuralation occur in? 6

A

Ectoderm

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3
Q

What induces induction of the neural tube (neurulation)? 6

A

The Notochord

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4
Q

Besides the neural tube, what does the PNS develop from? 8

A

Neural crest cells

Neuroectoderm

Ectodermal placodes

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5
Q

What are the two types of sensory sensations of the PNS? 9

A

Somatic sensory

Visceral sensory

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6
Q

What information does the visceral sensory collect? 9

A

nausea, hunger

Special —> smell, taste

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7
Q

What information does somatic sensory collect? 9

A

Touch, pain, pressure

Special —> hearing, equilibrium, vision

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8
Q

Where is the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions found within? 10

A

Visceral motor of the efferent (motor) division of the PNS

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9
Q

What is the posterior region of the spinal cord dedicated to? 11

A

Sensory information

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10
Q

What is within the white matter of the spinal cord? 11

A

Lacks neuron cell bodies

Contains myelinated neuronal axons (tracts)

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11
Q

What is motor information processed by? 11

A

The anterior spinal cord

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12
Q

Where is the autonomic nervous system processed? 11

A

Lateral spinal cord

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13
Q

What is the Sulcus limitans? 12

A

An imaginary line we draw horizontally within a neural tube to show what will develop ventrally and what will develop dorsally within the organism

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14
Q

What are the three different lineages that neuroepithelium (neuroectoderm) can give rise to? 13

A

Apolar neuroblasts —> Neurons

Glioblasts:
—> astrocytes
—> oligodendroblasts

Ependyma —> epithelium of choroid plexus

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15
Q

What are the three different zones of the neural tube from the canal moving outward? 14

A 
Ventricular zone (stem cells)
 —> 
mantle/intermediate zone (neuron bodies/glial cells & axons) Grey Matter
—>
marginal zone (neuronal axons)
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16
Q

What happens at the end of the 4th week within the mantle zone? 16

A

Mantle layer reorganizes into:
—> alar (dorsal) plates/columns
—> basal (ventral) plates/columns

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17
Q

What information do the dorsal horns of the alar plate carry? 17

A

Sensory information

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18
Q

What information do the ventral horns of the basal plate carry? 17

A

Motor information

19
Q

What specifies motor neuron identity? 19

A

The varying [SHH] (sonic hedgehog)

20
Q

Where is SHH secreted from? 19

A

The basal floor plate (supplied by the notochord)

21
Q

What does a low [SHH] induce? 19

A

Multiple inteneurons induced

22
Q

What does a high [SHH] induce? 19

A

Motor neurons induced

23
Q

Once released from the basal floor plate, what does SHH target? 19

A

NKX2.2

NKX6.1

24
Q

What counteracts the SHH gradient? 20

A

BMP/TGF-β signaling from the alar roof plate

25
Q

What does BMP4 activate? 20

A

PAX3

PAX7

26
Q

What is the role of PAX3 and PAX7? 20

A

Responsible for induction of the dorsal association

27
Q

What will form first? Motor or sensory neurons? 20

A

Motor neurons

28
Q

Where would you find intermediolateral cell columns? 21

A

T1 - L3

S2 - S4

29
Q

What do the intermediolateral cell columns ultimately form? 21

A

The lateral horns

30
Q

What do the lateral horns give rise to? 21

A

Autonomic nervous system
T1-L3 —> sympathetic division
S2-S4 —> parasympathetic division

31
Q

Generally speaking what can we call PNS? 22

A

Anything that leaves the spinal cord or returns to the spinal cord

32
Q

What are sympathetic ganglia? 22

A

Pockets of neuronal cell bodies that contributes to the sympathetic nervous sytem

33
Q

What gives rise to the ribs and vertebrae? 23

A

Cranial sclerotomes

34
Q

What is a GSE Nerve? 26

A

General somatic efferent (somatic muscle)

35
Q

What is a GVE Nerve? 26

A

General visceral efferent (autonomic to smooth and cardiac muscle and glands)

36
Q

What is a SVE Nerve? 26

A

Branchial or Special visceral efferent (muscles derived from the pharyngeal arches)

37
Q

What is a GSA Nerve? 26

A

General somatic afferent (sensory in the skin, joint capsule, tendon, muscle)

38
Q

What is a GVA Nerve? 26

A

General visceral afferent (sensory of visceral structures)

39
Q

What is a SSA Nerve? 26

A

Special somatic afferent (hearing, balance, sight)

40
Q

What is a SVA Nerve? 26

A

Special visceral afferent (taste & smell)

41
Q

Where are neural crest cells for the sympathetic nervous system derived from? 30

A

Trunk and collateral ganglia

Ganglionic neurons

42
Q

Where are neural crest cells for the parasympathetic nervous system derived from? 30

A

CN ganglia in the head and neck

Terminal ganglia in trunk

Ganglionic neurons

43
Q

What myelinated in the CNS? What myelinated in the PNS? 32

A

CNS —> Oligodendrocytes

PNS —> Schwann cells

MSK - Midterm (19 decks)

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