Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MSK - Midterm > 9/14 .Histology Bone - Dennis (Completed) > Flashcards

9/14 .Histology Bone - Dennis (Completed) Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What gives bone its extreme strength? 4

A

The addition of bone salts (Ca2+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are important functions of bones? 4

A

Hematopoiesis

Storage

Movement, protection, support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where within a bone, do we find compact bone? 6

A

External surface of long and flat bones

Lamellar bone (mature bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do we find spongy bone? 6

A

Makes up cancellous or trabecullar bone 🍖

Found deep to compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the role of spongy bone (trabeculae)? 6

A

Houses bone marrow

This bone type can be lamellar or woven

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the characteristics of lamellar bone? 7

A

Mature/secondary bone

Regular parallel arrangement of collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the characteristics of woven bone (nonlamellar)? 7

A

Immature/primary bone

Loose arrangement of collagen fibers

Lower mineral content

More cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

During repair what bone type forms? 7

A

Woven bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What part of the bone contains the epiphyseal plate? 8

A

The Epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do we call the elongated shaft of a bone? 8

A

Diaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Within a bone, what houses the bone marrow? 8

A

The medullary cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the metaphysis of a bone? 8

A

Spongy/cancellous bone between diaphysis and epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What forms the border between the epiphysis and metaphysis? 8

A

The epiphyseal plate/line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What tissue makes up the periosteum? What cells does it contain? 9

A

Dense irregular CT

Contains osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What anchors the periosteum to the endosteum? 9

A

Anchored by sharpey’s fibers (perforating fibers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What cells are found within the endosteum? 9

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

Reticular cells

CT fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is present in the Inner layer (cellular layer) of the periosteum? 10

A

Osteoprogenitor cells which retain their potential in case of bone injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What components make up bone matrix? 11

A

Water - 10%

Organic components

Inorganic components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the organic components of bone? 11

A

Type I collagen

Proteoglycans

Osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the inorganic components of bone matrix? 11

Study These Flashcards
A

Calcium hydroxyapatite

Mg

K

Na

F

21
Q

What houses the nerve, artery, and vein that runs through a bone? 12

Study These Flashcards
A

The central canal (Haversian canal)

22
Q

What do we call the cylindrical shafts that run through lamellar bone? 12

23
Q

What runs between central canals? 12

Study These Flashcards
A

Perforating canals (volkmann’s canal)

24
Q

What are cylindrical channels that allows interaction between osteocytes? 12

25
What's the difference between concentric lamellae and outer circumferential lamellae? 12
Concentric lamellae --> ring of bone around central canal Outer Circumferential lamellae --> ring of bone along periosteum
26
What are bone stem cells that produce osteoblasts? 15
Osteoprogenitors
27
What cells initiate/produces and controls mineralization of the osteoid? 15
Osteoblasts (Ob)
28
What is Osteoid? 15
No mineralized organic matrix that mineralizes over time
29
What cell is embedded in the matrix and maintains the matrix? 15
Osteocytes (differentiated from osteoblasts)
30
What cell remodels and resorbs bone? 15
Osteoclasts - has ruffled borders
31
How do Osteoclasts remodel bone? Why do Osteoclasts remodel bone?15
Using H+ and lysosomal proteins Damaged or old bone is broken down by the osteoclast. Osteoblasts then must come in to replace the void
32
What's the source of Intramembranous Ossification? What type of bones develop from this growth? 17
Bones developing from mesenchyme precursor Flat bones of skull and some facial bones mandible center of clavicle
33
What's the source of Endochondral Ossification? What bones develop from this process? 17
Bone develops from a hyaline cartilage model ``` Extremities Pectoral & pelvic girdle Pelvis Vertebrae Ends of clavicle ```
34
What is the process of Intramembraneous Ossification? 18
Ossification centers within mesenchyme form called an osteoid Osteoid/ossification center undergoes calcification Woven bone forms first Spongy and compact bone form Lamellar bone eventually forms
35
Walk-through Endochondral ossification. 20
Inner portion of hyaline cartilage model changes shape and deteriorates Draws osteoprogenitor cells and vasculature to this site Primary Ossification center forms in the diaphysis with secondary centers on both ends in the epiphysis
36
What are the four zones of endochondral ossification? 23, 24
Reserve zone/running zone Proliferative zone Hypertrophic zone Vascular invasion zone
37
Which zone of endochondral ossification is responsible for lengthening of bone and contains primitive hyaline cartilage? 24
Reserve zone
38
What zone shows shape changes and formation of calcified matrix during endochondral ossification? 24
Hypertrophic zone
39
What zone shows calcified cartilage and blends with the epiphyseal plate during endochondral ossification? 24
Vascular invasion zone
40
What growth induces widening of bone? 25
Periosteal bone growth
41
walk-through of a bone fracture repair. 27
Fracture occurs, hematoma forms Hematoma replaced (φ/osteoclasts) by fibrocartilage and regenerative BVs Primary bone forms Compact bone (secondary bone) forms with the original site now being larger then before break
42
What are the symptoms of Achondroplasia
Altered spinal curvature Small midface Shortening of long bones (dwarfism)
43
What causes Achondroplasia? 28
Mutation in FGFR3 (autosomal dominant)
44
What occurs in Osteomalacia? 29
Progressive shortening and bending of bone
45
What causes Rickets? 30
Defective mineralization of cartilage in growth plate, aka juvenile osteomalacia
46
What causes Rickets (Juvenile Osteomalacia)? 30
Vitamin D deficiency or decreased Ca2+ intake
47
What occurs in Osteoporosis? 31
Decrease in bone mass (cant produce organic matrix) Loss of bone salts (Ca2+)
48
What is present in the Outer layer (fibrous layer) of the periosteum? 10
Rich in vasculature Sharpey fibers Fibroblasts and collagen fibers
49
What is the Interstitial lamellae? 12
Pieces of old osteon that results from remodeling

MSK - Midterm (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions