9/12 Overview Of Extremities - Brauer (Completed, LO) Flashcards
What happens when you protract the scapula? 2
Movement of arm forward (in a horizontal swinging motion)
What is a condyle? Give an Example. 6
A rounded process that articulates with another bone
Ex. Occipital condyle
What is a crest? Give an Example. 6
A narrow, ridge-like projection
Ex. Iliac crest
What is a epicondyle? Give an Example. 6
A projection that is situated above a condyle
Ex. Medial epicondyle of humerus
What is a sesamoid bone? What is the largest sesamoid bone? 5
Small floating bones
Ex. Largest –> patella
What is a facet? Give an Example. 6
A small smooth surface
Ex. Rib facet of a thoracic vertebra
What is a fossa? Give an Example. 6
A relatively deep pit or depression
Ex. Olecranon fossa
What is a linea? Give an Example. 6
A narrow line-like ridge
Ex. Linea aspera of femur
What is the functional understanding of a synarthrosis joint? 8
Immovable/immobile joint (sutures)
What is the functional understanding of a amphiarthrosis joint? 8
Slight movable joint
What is the functional understanding of a diarthrosis joint? 8
Freely movable joint
What are the characteristics of fibrous joints? 8
Very stable
Little or no movement
What are the characteristics of Cartilaginous joints? 8
Joints involving cartilage
What is a gomphosis joint? What is one of the only examples? 10
Peg-in-socket joint
Immobile
Ex. Tooth and bone
What type of joint is a syndesmosis? Give an Example. 10
Fibrous joint
between bone and bone exclusively connected by ligaments
Immobile
Ex. Radial-ulnar joint
What type of joint is a Synchondrosis? What’s an example? 11
A hyaline cartilage joint between bone and cartilage
Immobile
Ex. Epiphyseal plate, sternum to rib connection
What type of joint is a Symphyses? What’s an example? 12
A fibrocartilaginous joint that resists tension and compression (shock absorber)
Slightly movable
Ex. Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs
What kind of cartilage is found in articular cartilage? What’s an example? 14
Hyaline cartilage makes up articular cartilage
Ex. Knee joint
What type of synovial joint involves gliding an is found in carpal bones and acromioclavicular joints? 15
Plane Joint
What type of synovial joint involves flexing and extend and can be found in the elbow, knee, and ankle? 15
Hinge Joint
What type of synovial joint involves rotating movement and is found in the radians/ulnar joint? 15
Pivot Joint
What type of synovial joint is found on oval articular surfaces and permits: extension, flexion, abduction, Adduction, and rotation? Give an Example? 16
Condyloid joint
Ex. Phalanges - metacarpal joint
What type of synovial joint is found on concaved/convexed surfaces allowing extension and flexion along with abduction and adduction? 16
Saddle Joint
What type of synovial joint is multiaxial found in the shoulder and hip joints? 16
Ball and socket joint
What is a Bursa? What’s bursitis? 17
A flattened fibrous sac lined by a synovial membrane containing synovial fluid
Bursitis –> inflammation of bursa due to injury or friction
What is a tendon sheath an example of? 17
An elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon
What are the two main roles of Deep Fascia? 19
Fills spaces between muscle and separates individual muscles, but binds muscle of similar function
Forms sheaths that help distribute nerves, BVs, and lymphatic vessels
What type of CT are tendons? 20
Dense regular connective tissue
What do we call a tendon that forms a thin, flattened sheet? 20
An aponeurosis
What is the less movable attachment of a muscle? 21
It’s origin
What is the more movable attachment called? 22
The insertion
For a first class lever where is the load, effort, and fulcrum? Give an Example? 22
Load - Fulcrum - Effort ⬇️
Ex. Condyle between skull and neck muscle
What fascicle arrangement has a expanded central belly? 22
Fusiform muscles
What’s an example of a unipennate fascicle? 22
Extensor digitorum longus
Where is the load, fulcrum, and effort found in a second class lever? What is an example? 24
Fulcrum - Load - Effort ⬆️
Ex. Metatarsal (fulcrum), gastrocnemius (effort)
Where is the load, fulcrum, and effort found in a third class lever? What is an example? 25
Load - Effort ⬆️ - Fulcrum
Ex. Biceps (effort), elbow joint (fulcrum), mass in hand (load)
What direction do the muscle fibers of a muscle described as rectus move? 26
Fibers run straight
What is a meatus? Give an example? 6
A tube-like passageway within a bone
Ex. External auditory meatus
What is a tuberosity? Give an example? 7
Knob-like process (larger than a tubercle)
Ex. Tibial tuberosity
What is a tubercle? Give an Example? 7
Small knob-like process
Ex. Tubercle of rib
What is a styloid? Give an example? 7
Pen-like projection
Ex. Styloid process of ulna
What is a Ramus? Give an example? 7
A branch-like process
Ex. Ramus of mandible
How do the upper limbs rotate during development? 3,4
The upper extremities (arm) rotate laterally
allows for flexion anteriorly
How do the hind limbs rotate during development? 3,4
The lower extremities (thigh & legs) rotate medially
allows for flexion of the knee posteriorly
What is an example of a Short bone, Irregular bone, and flat bone? 5
Short Bone –> Carpal bones
Irregular Bone –> Vertebra
Flat Bone –> Parietal bone
What are the three types of Fibrous joints? 9
Suture (short fibers)
Syndesmosis (long fibers)
Gomphosis (periodontal ligament)
What are the two types of Cartilaginous joints? 9
Synchondrosis (hyaline cartilage)
Symphysis (fibrocartilage)
What are the six types of Synovial Joints? 9
Plane
Saddle
condylar
Hinge
Pivot
Ball-and-socket
What characteristics do we give parallel muscles? What’s and example of a parallel muscle? 22
Strap-like
Ex. Sartorius
What is the main difference between unipennate and bipennate fascicle arrangements? 22
Unipennate inserts on only one side of a tendon
Bipennate inserts on both side of a tendon
By what characteristics do we name muscles? 26
LSD LAB RN
Location
Shape
Direction of fibers
Location of attachments
Action
Body position
Relative size
Number of origins
What is the most common type of lever class in the body?
Third class lever
