9/12 Overview Of Extremities - Brauer (Completed, LO)

Question 1

What happens when you protract the scapula? 2

Answer 1

Movement of arm forward (in a horizontal swinging motion)

Question 2

What is a condyle? Give an Example. 6

Answer 2

A rounded process that articulates with another bone

Ex. Occipital condyle

Question 3

What is a crest? Give an Example. 6

Answer 3

A narrow, ridge-like projection

Ex. Iliac crest

Question 4

What is a epicondyle? Give an Example. 6

Answer 4

A projection that is situated above a condyle

Ex. Medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 5

What is a sesamoid bone? What is the largest sesamoid bone? 5

Answer 5

Small floating bones

Ex. Largest –> patella

Question 6

What is a facet? Give an Example. 6

Answer 6

A small smooth surface

Ex. Rib facet of a thoracic vertebra

Question 7

What is a fossa? Give an Example. 6

Answer 7

A relatively deep pit or depression

Ex. Olecranon fossa

Question 8

What is a linea? Give an Example. 6

Answer 8

A narrow line-like ridge

Ex. Linea aspera of femur

Question 9

What is the functional understanding of a synarthrosis joint? 8

Answer 9

Immovable/immobile joint (sutures)

Question 10

What is the functional understanding of a amphiarthrosis joint? 8

Answer 10

Slight movable joint

Question 11

What is the functional understanding of a diarthrosis joint? 8

Answer 11

Freely movable joint

Question 12

What are the characteristics of fibrous joints? 8

Answer 12

Very stable

Little or no movement

Question 13

What are the characteristics of Cartilaginous joints? 8

Answer 13

Joints involving cartilage

Question 14

What is a gomphosis joint? What is one of the only examples? 10

Answer 14

Peg-in-socket joint

Immobile

Ex. Tooth and bone

Question 15

What type of joint is a syndesmosis? Give an Example. 10

Answer 15

Fibrous joint

between bone and bone exclusively connected by ligaments

Immobile

Ex. Radial-ulnar joint

Question 16

What type of joint is a Synchondrosis? What’s an example? 11

Answer 16

A hyaline cartilage joint between bone and cartilage

Immobile

Ex. Epiphyseal plate, sternum to rib connection

Question 17

What type of joint is a Symphyses? What’s an example? 12

Answer 17

A fibrocartilaginous joint that resists tension and compression (shock absorber)

Slightly movable

Ex. Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

Question 18

What kind of cartilage is found in articular cartilage? What’s an example? 14

Answer 18

Hyaline cartilage makes up articular cartilage

Ex. Knee joint

Question 19

What type of synovial joint involves gliding an is found in carpal bones and acromioclavicular joints? 15

Answer 19

Plane Joint

Question 20

What type of synovial joint involves flexing and extend and can be found in the elbow, knee, and ankle? 15

Answer 20

Hinge Joint

Question 21

What type of synovial joint involves rotating movement and is found in the radians/ulnar joint? 15

Answer 21

Pivot Joint

Question 22

What type of synovial joint is found on oval articular surfaces and permits: extension, flexion, abduction, Adduction, and rotation? Give an Example? 16

Answer 22

Condyloid joint

Ex. Phalanges - metacarpal joint

Question 23

What type of synovial joint is found on concaved/convexed surfaces allowing extension and flexion along with abduction and adduction? 16

Answer 23

Saddle Joint

Question 24

What type of synovial joint is multiaxial found in the shoulder and hip joints? 16

Answer 24

Ball and socket joint

Question 25

What is a Bursa? What's bursitis? 17

Answer 25

A flattened fibrous sac lined by a synovial membrane containing synovial fluid Bursitis --> inflammation of bursa due to injury or friction

Question 26

What is a tendon sheath an example of? 17

Answer 26

An elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

Question 27

What are the two main roles of Deep Fascia? 19

Answer 27

Fills spaces between muscle and separates individual muscles, but binds muscle of similar function Forms sheaths that help distribute nerves, BVs, and lymphatic vessels

Question 28

What type of CT are tendons? 20

Answer 28

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 29

What do we call a tendon that forms a thin, flattened sheet? 20

Answer 29

An aponeurosis

Question 30

What is the less movable attachment of a muscle? 21

Answer 30

It's origin

Question 31

What is the more movable attachment called? 22

Answer 31

The insertion

Question 32

For a first class lever where is the load, effort, and fulcrum? Give an Example? 22

Answer 32

Load - Fulcrum - Effort ⬇️ Ex. Condyle between skull and neck muscle

Question 33

What fascicle arrangement has a expanded central belly? 22

Answer 33

Fusiform muscles

Question 34

What's an example of a unipennate fascicle? 22

Answer 34

Extensor digitorum longus

Question 35

Where is the load, fulcrum, and effort found in a second class lever? What is an example? 24

Answer 35

Fulcrum - Load - Effort ⬆️ Ex. Metatarsal (fulcrum), gastrocnemius (effort)

Question 36

Where is the load, fulcrum, and effort found in a third class lever? What is an example? 25

Answer 36

Load - Effort ⬆️ - Fulcrum Ex. Biceps (effort), elbow joint (fulcrum), mass in hand (load)

Question 37

What direction do the muscle fibers of a muscle described as rectus move? 26

Answer 37

Fibers run straight

Question 38

What is a meatus? Give an example? 6

Answer 38

A tube-like passageway within a bone Ex. External auditory meatus

Question 38

What is a tuberosity? Give an example? 7

Answer 38

Knob-like process (larger than a tubercle) Ex. Tibial tuberosity

Question 39

What is a tubercle? Give an Example? 7

Answer 39

Small knob-like process Ex. Tubercle of rib

Question 40

What is a styloid? Give an example? 7

Answer 40

Pen-like projection Ex. Styloid process of ulna

Question 41

What is a Ramus? Give an example? 7

Answer 41

A branch-like process Ex. Ramus of mandible

Question 42

How do the upper limbs rotate during development? 3,4

Answer 42

The upper extremities (arm) rotate laterally allows for flexion anteriorly

Question 43

How do the hind limbs rotate during development? 3,4

Answer 43

The lower extremities (thigh & legs) rotate medially allows for flexion of the knee posteriorly

Question 44

What is an example of a Short bone, Irregular bone, and flat bone? 5

Answer 44

Short Bone --> Carpal bones Irregular Bone --> Vertebra Flat Bone --> Parietal bone

Question 45

What are the three types of Fibrous joints? 9

Answer 45

Suture (short fibers) Syndesmosis (long fibers) Gomphosis (periodontal ligament)

Question 46

What are the two types of Cartilaginous joints? 9

Answer 46

Synchondrosis (hyaline cartilage) Symphysis (fibrocartilage)

Question 47

What are the six types of Synovial Joints? 9

Answer 47

Plane Saddle condylar Hinge Pivot Ball-and-socket

Question 48

What characteristics do we give parallel muscles? What's and example of a parallel muscle? 22

Answer 48

Strap-like Ex. Sartorius

Question 49

What is the main difference between unipennate and bipennate fascicle arrangements? 22

Answer 49

Unipennate inserts on only one side of a tendon Bipennate inserts on both side of a tendon

Question 50

By what characteristics do we name muscles? 26

Answer 50

LSD LAB RN Location Shape Direction of fibers Location of attachments Action Body position Relative size Number of origins

Question 51

What is the most common type of lever class in the body?

Answer 51

Third class lever