9/12 Overview Of Extremities - Brauer (Completed, LO) Flashcards

1
Q

What happens when you protract the scapula? 2

A

Movement of arm forward (in a horizontal swinging motion)

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2
Q

What is a condyle? Give an Example. 6

A

A rounded process that articulates with another bone

Ex. Occipital condyle

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3
Q

What is a crest? Give an Example. 6

A

A narrow, ridge-like projection

Ex. Iliac crest

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4
Q

What is a epicondyle? Give an Example. 6

A

A projection that is situated above a condyle

Ex. Medial epicondyle of humerus

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5
Q

What is a sesamoid bone? What is the largest sesamoid bone? 5

A

Small floating bones

Ex. Largest –> patella

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6
Q

What is a facet? Give an Example. 6

A

A small smooth surface

Ex. Rib facet of a thoracic vertebra

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7
Q

What is a fossa? Give an Example. 6

A

A relatively deep pit or depression

Ex. Olecranon fossa

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8
Q

What is a linea? Give an Example. 6

A

A narrow line-like ridge

Ex. Linea aspera of femur

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9
Q

What is the functional understanding of a synarthrosis joint? 8

A

Immovable/immobile joint (sutures)

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10
Q

What is the functional understanding of a amphiarthrosis joint? 8

A

Slight movable joint

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11
Q

What is the functional understanding of a diarthrosis joint? 8

A

Freely movable joint

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of fibrous joints? 8

A

Very stable

Little or no movement

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Cartilaginous joints? 8

A

Joints involving cartilage

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14
Q

What is a gomphosis joint? What is one of the only examples? 10

A

Peg-in-socket joint

Immobile

Ex. Tooth and bone

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15
Q

What type of joint is a syndesmosis? Give an Example. 10

A

Fibrous joint

between bone and bone exclusively connected by ligaments

Immobile

Ex. Radial-ulnar joint

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16
Q

What type of joint is a Synchondrosis? What’s an example? 11

A

A hyaline cartilage joint between bone and cartilage

Immobile

Ex. Epiphyseal plate, sternum to rib connection

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17
Q

What type of joint is a Symphyses? What’s an example? 12

A

A fibrocartilaginous joint that resists tension and compression (shock absorber)

Slightly movable

Ex. Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

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18
Q

What kind of cartilage is found in articular cartilage? What’s an example? 14

A

Hyaline cartilage makes up articular cartilage

Ex. Knee joint

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19
Q

What type of synovial joint involves gliding an is found in carpal bones and acromioclavicular joints? 15

A

Plane Joint

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20
Q

What type of synovial joint involves flexing and extend and can be found in the elbow, knee, and ankle? 15

A

Hinge Joint

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21
Q

What type of synovial joint involves rotating movement and is found in the radians/ulnar joint? 15

A

Pivot Joint

22
Q

What type of synovial joint is found on oval articular surfaces and permits: extension, flexion, abduction, Adduction, and rotation? Give an Example? 16

A

Condyloid joint

Ex. Phalanges - metacarpal joint

23
Q

What type of synovial joint is found on concaved/convexed surfaces allowing extension and flexion along with abduction and adduction? 16

A

Saddle Joint

24
Q

What type of synovial joint is multiaxial found in the shoulder and hip joints? 16

A

Ball and socket joint

25
What is a Bursa? What's bursitis? 17
A flattened fibrous sac lined by a synovial membrane containing synovial fluid Bursitis --> inflammation of bursa due to injury or friction
26
What is a tendon sheath an example of? 17
An elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon
27
What are the two main roles of Deep Fascia? 19
Fills spaces between muscle and separates individual muscles, but binds muscle of similar function Forms sheaths that help distribute nerves, BVs, and lymphatic vessels
28
What type of CT are tendons? 20
Dense regular connective tissue
29
What do we call a tendon that forms a thin, flattened sheet? 20
An aponeurosis
30
What is the less movable attachment of a muscle? 21
It's origin
31
What is the more movable attachment called? 22
The insertion
32
For a first class lever where is the load, effort, and fulcrum? Give an Example? 22
Load - Fulcrum - Effort ⬇️ Ex. Condyle between skull and neck muscle
33
What fascicle arrangement has a expanded central belly? 22
Fusiform muscles
34
What's an example of a unipennate fascicle? 22
Extensor digitorum longus
35
Where is the load, fulcrum, and effort found in a second class lever? What is an example? 24
Fulcrum - Load - Effort ⬆️ Ex. Metatarsal (fulcrum), gastrocnemius (effort)
36
Where is the load, fulcrum, and effort found in a third class lever? What is an example? 25
Load - Effort ⬆️ - Fulcrum Ex. Biceps (effort), elbow joint (fulcrum), mass in hand (load)
37
What direction do the muscle fibers of a muscle described as rectus move? 26
Fibers run straight
38
What is a meatus? Give an example? 6
A tube-like passageway within a bone Ex. External auditory meatus
38
What is a tuberosity? Give an example? 7
Knob-like process (larger than a tubercle) Ex. Tibial tuberosity
39
What is a tubercle? Give an Example? 7
Small knob-like process Ex. Tubercle of rib
40
What is a styloid? Give an example? 7
Pen-like projection Ex. Styloid process of ulna
41
What is a Ramus? Give an example? 7
A branch-like process Ex. Ramus of mandible
42
How do the upper limbs rotate during development? 3,4
The upper extremities (arm) rotate laterally allows for flexion anteriorly
43
How do the hind limbs rotate during development? 3,4
The lower extremities (thigh & legs) rotate medially allows for flexion of the knee posteriorly
44
What is an example of a Short bone, Irregular bone, and flat bone? 5
Short Bone --> Carpal bones Irregular Bone --> Vertebra Flat Bone --> Parietal bone
45
What are the three types of Fibrous joints? 9
Suture (short fibers) Syndesmosis (long fibers) Gomphosis (periodontal ligament)
46
What are the two types of Cartilaginous joints? 9
Synchondrosis (hyaline cartilage) Symphysis (fibrocartilage)
47
What are the six types of Synovial Joints? 9
Plane Saddle condylar Hinge Pivot Ball-and-socket
48
What characteristics do we give parallel muscles? What's and example of a parallel muscle? 22
Strap-like Ex. Sartorius
49
What is the main difference between unipennate and bipennate fascicle arrangements? 22
Unipennate inserts on only one side of a tendon Bipennate inserts on both side of a tendon
50
By what characteristics do we name muscles? 26
LSD LAB RN Location Shape Direction of fibers Location of attachments Action Body position Relative size Number of origins
51
What is the most common type of lever class in the body?
Third class lever