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MSK - Midterm > 9/12 Overview Of Extremities - Brauer (Completed, LO) > Flashcards

9/12 Overview Of Extremities - Brauer (Completed, LO) Flashcards

1
Q

What happens when you protract the scapula? 2

A

Movement of arm forward (in a horizontal swinging motion)

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2
Q

What is a condyle? Give an Example. 6

A

A rounded process that articulates with another bone

Ex. Occipital condyle

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3
Q

What is a crest? Give an Example. 6

A

A narrow, ridge-like projection

Ex. Iliac crest

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4
Q

What is a epicondyle? Give an Example. 6

A

A projection that is situated above a condyle

Ex. Medial epicondyle of humerus

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5
Q

What is a sesamoid bone? What is the largest sesamoid bone? 5

A

Small floating bones

Ex. Largest –> patella

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6
Q

What is a facet? Give an Example. 6

A

A small smooth surface

Ex. Rib facet of a thoracic vertebra

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7
Q

What is a fossa? Give an Example. 6

A

A relatively deep pit or depression

Ex. Olecranon fossa

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8
Q

What is a linea? Give an Example. 6

A

A narrow line-like ridge

Ex. Linea aspera of femur

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9
Q

What is the functional understanding of a synarthrosis joint? 8

A

Immovable/immobile joint (sutures)

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10
Q

What is the functional understanding of a amphiarthrosis joint? 8

A

Slight movable joint

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11
Q

What is the functional understanding of a diarthrosis joint? 8

A

Freely movable joint

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of fibrous joints? 8

A

Very stable

Little or no movement

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Cartilaginous joints? 8

A

Joints involving cartilage

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14
Q

What is a gomphosis joint? What is one of the only examples? 10

A

Peg-in-socket joint

Immobile

Ex. Tooth and bone

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15
Q

What type of joint is a syndesmosis? Give an Example. 10

A

Fibrous joint

between bone and bone exclusively connected by ligaments

Immobile

Ex. Radial-ulnar joint

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16
Q

What type of joint is a Synchondrosis? What’s an example? 11

A

A hyaline cartilage joint between bone and cartilage

Immobile

Ex. Epiphyseal plate, sternum to rib connection

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17
Q

What type of joint is a Symphyses? What’s an example? 12

A

A fibrocartilaginous joint that resists tension and compression (shock absorber)

Slightly movable

Ex. Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

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18
Q

What kind of cartilage is found in articular cartilage? What’s an example? 14

A

Hyaline cartilage makes up articular cartilage

Ex. Knee joint

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19
Q

What type of synovial joint involves gliding an is found in carpal bones and acromioclavicular joints? 15

A

Plane Joint

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20
Q

What type of synovial joint involves flexing and extend and can be found in the elbow, knee, and ankle? 15

A

Hinge Joint

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21
Q

What type of synovial joint involves rotating movement and is found in the radians/ulnar joint? 15

A

Pivot Joint

22
Q

What type of synovial joint is found on oval articular surfaces and permits: extension, flexion, abduction, Adduction, and rotation? Give an Example? 16

A

Condyloid joint

Ex. Phalanges - metacarpal joint

23
Q

What type of synovial joint is found on concaved/convexed surfaces allowing extension and flexion along with abduction and adduction? 16

A

Saddle Joint

24
Q

What type of synovial joint is multiaxial found in the shoulder and hip joints? 16

A

Ball and socket joint

25
Q

What is a Bursa? What’s bursitis? 17

A

A flattened fibrous sac lined by a synovial membrane containing synovial fluid

Bursitis –> inflammation of bursa due to injury or friction

26
Q

What is a tendon sheath an example of? 17

A

An elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

27
Q

What are the two main roles of Deep Fascia? 19

A

Fills spaces between muscle and separates individual muscles, but binds muscle of similar function

Forms sheaths that help distribute nerves, BVs, and lymphatic vessels

28
Q

What type of CT are tendons? 20

A

Dense regular connective tissue

29
Q

What do we call a tendon that forms a thin, flattened sheet? 20

A

An aponeurosis

30
Q

What is the less movable attachment of a muscle? 21

A

It’s origin

31
Q

What is the more movable attachment called? 22

A

The insertion

32
Q

For a first class lever where is the load, effort, and fulcrum? Give an Example? 22

A

Load - Fulcrum - Effort ⬇️

Ex. Condyle between skull and neck muscle

33
Q

What fascicle arrangement has a expanded central belly? 22

A

Fusiform muscles

34
Q

What’s an example of a unipennate fascicle? 22

A

Extensor digitorum longus

35
Q

Where is the load, fulcrum, and effort found in a second class lever? What is an example? 24

A

Fulcrum - Load - Effort ⬆️

Ex. Metatarsal (fulcrum), gastrocnemius (effort)

36
Q

Where is the load, fulcrum, and effort found in a third class lever? What is an example? 25

A

Load - Effort ⬆️ - Fulcrum

Ex. Biceps (effort), elbow joint (fulcrum), mass in hand (load)

37
Q

What direction do the muscle fibers of a muscle described as rectus move? 26

A

Fibers run straight

38
Q

What is a meatus? Give an example? 6

A

A tube-like passageway within a bone

Ex. External auditory meatus

38
Q

What is a tuberosity? Give an example? 7

A

Knob-like process (larger than a tubercle)

Ex. Tibial tuberosity

39
Q

What is a tubercle? Give an Example? 7

A

Small knob-like process

Ex. Tubercle of rib

40
Q

What is a styloid? Give an example? 7

A

Pen-like projection

Ex. Styloid process of ulna

41
Q

What is a Ramus? Give an example? 7

A

A branch-like process

Ex. Ramus of mandible

42
Q

How do the upper limbs rotate during development? 3,4

A

The upper extremities (arm) rotate laterally

allows for flexion anteriorly

43
Q

How do the hind limbs rotate during development? 3,4

A

The lower extremities (thigh & legs) rotate medially

allows for flexion of the knee posteriorly

44
Q

What is an example of a Short bone, Irregular bone, and flat bone? 5

A

Short Bone –> Carpal bones

Irregular Bone –> Vertebra

Flat Bone –> Parietal bone

45
Q

What are the three types of Fibrous joints? 9

A

Suture (short fibers)

Syndesmosis (long fibers)

Gomphosis (periodontal ligament)

46
Q

What are the two types of Cartilaginous joints? 9

A

Synchondrosis (hyaline cartilage)

Symphysis (fibrocartilage)

47
Q

What are the six types of Synovial Joints? 9

A

Plane

Saddle

condylar

Hinge

Pivot

Ball-and-socket

48
Q

What characteristics do we give parallel muscles? What’s and example of a parallel muscle? 22

A

Strap-like

Ex. Sartorius

49
Q

What is the main difference between unipennate and bipennate fascicle arrangements? 22

A

Unipennate inserts on only one side of a tendon

Bipennate inserts on both side of a tendon

50
Q

By what characteristics do we name muscles? 26

A

LSD LAB RN

Location
Shape
Direction of fibers

Location of attachments
Action
Body position

Relative size
Number of origins

51
Q

What is the most common type of lever class in the body?

A

Third class lever

MSK - Midterm (19 decks)

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