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MSK - Midterm > 9/13 Anterior and Medial Thigh - Carter (Completed) > Flashcards

9/13 Anterior and Medial Thigh - Carter (Completed) Flashcards

1
Q

What three structures make up the Vulva?

A

Glans clitoris

Labia majora

Labia Minora

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2
Q

What is the proper name or the groin?

A

Inguinal region

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3
Q

What is the region behind the knee?

A

Popliteal region

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4
Q

What structures do the superior horizontal nodes drain? What is an important note about this?

A

external genitalia
anterior abdominal wall
lateral thigh
perineum

drain the same structures as the tributaries of the femorl vein (external pudendal, superficial circumflex iliac, and superficial epigastric)

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5
Q

What do the vertical lymph nodes of the inguinal region drain?

A

Skin and superficial fascia

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6
Q

Where do we find/what innervates the medial thigh?

A

The femoral nerve

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7
Q

What fascia encircles the entire thigh?

A

Fascia Lata

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8
Q

What is contained within the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Quadriceps femoris

Sartorius

Femur

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9
Q

What is contained within the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Add

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10
Q

What is contained within the lateral compartment of the thigh?

A

Iliotibial tract/band

Tensor Fascia Lata (muslce)

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11
Q

Which of the four muscles making up the Quadriceps sits deep to one of the anterior muscles?

A

The vastus intermedius sits deep to the Rectus femoris

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12
Q

What nerve supplies the Quadriceps femoris?

A

The femoral nerve

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13
Q

What is the origin and attachement of the Sartorius muscle?

A

O —> Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

(Runs lateral to medial)

I —> proximal tibia

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14
Q

How many joints does the sartorius muscle cross?

A

Two joints

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15
Q

From medial to lateral what are the structures contained within the femoral sheath? What structure is more medial to the sheath?

A

Lateral —> N |AVEL| —> Medial

N - Femoral nerve

A - Femoral artery

V - Femoral vein

E - Empty space, represents the femoral canal

L - Femoral lymphatics (within the femoral canal)

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16
Q

Where does the name change from external iliac artery and external iliac vein to femoral artery and femoral vein?

A

Once they cross the inguinal ligament

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17
Q

What is the femoral ring?

A

The femoral ring leads into the femoral sheath enclosing the lymphatics portion

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18
Q

What is the deep femoral artery called?

A

Perfundis femoris artery

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19
Q

How many perforating branches are there for the thigh

A

4

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20
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

Sartorius Muscle, medial side (lateral boundary)

Adductor longus muscle, lateral border (medial border)

Inguinal ligament (superior border or base)

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21
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle

A

Femoral Sheath (A,V,L)

Femoral Nerve (most lateral)

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22
Q

What forms the floor of the femoral triangle?

A

Pectineus muscle

Iliopsoas muscle

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23
Q

What two muscles make up the Iliopsoas?

A

Iliacus

Psoas Major

(Fuse to form a tendon that attaches to lesser trochanter)

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24
Q

What else is the medial compartment of the thigh known as?

A

The adductor compartment

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25
Q

What is the action and origination of the muscles of the medial compartment? What innervates the muscles of the medial compartment? How many muscles are there within the medial compartment?

A

O —> anterior aspect of os coxae
A —> adduct & laterally rotate the thigh
I —

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26
Q

Where do the majority of the adductor muscles insert?

A

On the femur

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27
Q

In addition to adduction what else do the adductor muscles do?

A

Lateral rotation of the thigh

28
Q

Where does the gracilis insert?

A

Ι —> medial proximal tibia

29
Q

What’s contained within the adductor canal?

A

1., 2., 3. )Femoral artery, vein, and nerve (femoral nerve continues laterally)

Branches of the femoral nerve:
—> 4.) saphenous nerve (continues medially)
—> 5.) nerve to vastus medialis (lateral to saphenous, but medial to femoral nerve)

6.) descending genicular artery (also saphenous artery)

30
Q

What nerve could be accidentally damaged when performing surgery on the medial side of the knee?

A

Saphenous nerve

31
Q

What two structures pass through adductor hiatus*

A

Femoral artery

Femoral vein

32
Q

After the femoral artery and vein leave the femoral triangle what do they enter?

A

Adductor canal through the adductor hiatus

33
Q 
Which does not transverse the femoral triangle through the femoral sheath?
A. Femoral artery
B. Femoral lymphatics
C. Femoral vein
D. Femoral Nerve
E. Gracilis
A

Femoral nerve

34
Q

What is the only role of vastus medialus, intermedius, and lateralis?

A

Extension of the leg

35
Q

What are the deep adductors of the thigh from most superior to most inferior? What innervates all of these muscles?

A

Pectinous (innervated by femoral nerve)

Adductor brevis

Adductor longus

Adductor Magnus (deep to these other muscles)

Gracilis (most medial)

innervated by the obtrutator nerve (except
Pectinous)

36
Q

What is contained within the anterior compartment?

A

Quadriceps femoris

Sartorius

Deep inguinal lymph nodes

Femoral triangle

Femoral sheath (A,V,L)

Femoral Nerve

37
Q

What tissue makes up the femoral sheath?

A

Extraperitoneal areolar tissue

38
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the rectus femoris? What group does it contribute to?

A

O –> anterior, inferior Iliac spine

I –> tibial tuberoscity (via patellar tendon/ligament)

N–> femoral nerve

A–> flex thigh | extend leg

Rectus femoris contributes to Quadriceps femoris

39
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the vastus lateralis? What group does it contribute to?

A

O –> shaft of femur

I –> tibial tuberoscity (via patellar tendon/ligament)

N –> femoral Nerve

A –> extend leg

Vastus lateralis contributes to Quadriceps femoris

40
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the vastus medialis? What group does it contribute to?

A

O –> shaft of femur

I –> tibial tuberoscity (via patellar tendon/ligament)

N –> femoral nerve

A –> extend leg

Vastus medialis contributes to Quadriceps femoris

41
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the Vastus intermedius? What group does it contribute to?

A

O –> Shaft of femur

I –> tibial tuberoscity (via patellar tendon/ligament)

N –> femoral nerve

A –> extend leg

Vastus intermedius contributes to Quadriceps femoris

42
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the sartorius (seat-belt)?

A

O –> anterior, superior Iliac spine

I –> medial surface of tibia

N –> femoral nerve

A:

  1. Flexes thigh
  2. Flexes leg
  3. Abducts hip
  4. Laterally rotates hip
43
Q

What are the three compartments of the femoral sheath?

A

Lateral compartment - femoral artery

Middle compartment - femoral vein

Medial compartment (femoral canal) - lymph/lymphatic vessels

44
Q

What is the femoral ring?

A

the femoral ring leads into the femoral canal (lymphatics of femoral triangle). Small intestines may protrude through the ring into the canal causing hernias

women are 3x more likely to have a hernia
due to differences in hip bones

45
Q

What are the branches of the femoral artery as they enter the hip

A

External iliac becomes the femoral artery

femoral artery branches into:

  1. external pudendal
  2. superficial circumflex iliac
  3. superficial epigastric
  4. profunda femoris
46
Q

What does the external pudendal artery supply and the external pudendal vein drain?

A

supplies the penis and scrotum in males

vulva (labia majora/minora, glans clitoris) in females

lower half of anal canal in both

47
Q

What does the superficial circumflex iliac artery supply?

A

supplies the lateral thigh

48
Q

What does the superficial epigastric artery supply?

A

supplies the anterior abdominal wall inferior to the umbilicus

49
Q

What are the branches of the profunda femoris? What do they supply?

A

lateral and medial circumflex branches
- hip joint and gluteal region

four perforating arteries
- posterior and medial compartments of the thigh

50
Q

What are tributaries to the femoral vein?

A

great saphenous vein

  1. ) external pudendal veins
  2. ) superficial circumflex iliac
  3. ) superficial epigastric
51
Q

What do the deep inguinal nodes (deep femoral nodes) drain? Where are they located?

A

located medial and inferior to the femoral vein

penile urethra
glans penis
glans clitoris

52
Q

What structures do the inferior vertical nodes drain?

A

skin/superficial fascia of thigh and leg

53
Q

Identify all of the veins of the upper thigh. Access photos.

A

A.) Superficial epigastric vein

B.) Superficial circumflex iliac vein

C.) Deep Circumflex Iliac

E.) superficial external pudendal vein

F.) Great Saphenous vein

G.) Deep external pudendal vein

H.) Circumflex femoral lateral

I.) Femoral vein

J.) Profunda femoris (deep femoral) vein

54
Q

Generally, what are all the nerves of the thigh?

A

femoral cutaneous nerve (medial, intermediate, lateral)

Ilioinguinal nerve

Genitofemoral nerve (branch of the femoral)

Obturator nerve (branch of the femoral)

55
Q

What is the name of the septa that divides the thigh into three muscular compartments?

A

Fascia Lata

56
Q

What is the orientation of all of the fibers of the Fascia lata? What is the exception?

A

all of the fibers move horizontally

EXCEPT, the lateral surface and proximal tibia where the fibers are vertical (Iliotibial tract)

57
Q

What is the vasculature supply for the medial compartment?

A

Obturator arteries

Profunda femoris arteries

58
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, supply, and action for the Gracilis? What compartment is the muscle located in?

A

O —> body/inferior ramus of pubis
I -—> medial surface of tibia (inferior to tibial tuberosity)
N —> obturator nerve
S —> obturator artery
A —> cross 2 joints, flexes leg, abducts thigh

59
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation and supply for the Pectineus? What compartment is the muscle located in?

A

O —> pecten pubis, superior ramus of pubis

I —

60
Q

What is the origin, insertion, supply, innervation, and action for the Adductor longus? What compartment is the muscle located in?

A

O —> pecten pubis, superior ramus of pubis

I —

61
Q

What is the origin, insertion, supply, innervation, and action for the Adductor brevis? What compartment is the muscle located in?

A

O —> body/inferior ramus of pubis

I —

62
Q

What is the origin, insertion, supply, innervation, and action for the Adductor magnus? What compartment is the muscle located in?

A

Origin:
(Hamstring portion)—> Ischial tuberoscity
(Adductor portion) —> ischiopubic ramus

Insertion:
(Hamstring portion) —> adductor tubercle of femur
(Adductor portion) —> gluteal tubercle, linea aspera

S —> deep femoral artery (profundus femoris)

N —>
(hamstring portion) —> tibial nerve
(adductor portion) —

63
Q

What is the origin, insertion, supply, innervation, and action for the Obturator externus? What compartment is the muscle located in?

A

O —> external surface of obturator membrane, surrounding margin of pubis and ischium
I —

64
Q

What are the borders of the adductor canal?

A

Vastus medialis - lateral wall

Adductor longus & adductor magnus - medial wall

Sartorius - roof

65
Q

What happens to the saphenous artery (descending genicular) and nerve after entering the adductor canal?

A

They become cutaneous and head to the medial knee and then medial side of the foot

MSK - Midterm (19 decks)

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