9/14 Cartilage Histology - Dennis (Completed)

Question 1

What is the function of cartilage? 3

Answer 1

Specialized CT

Provides flexible, semi-ridged, resilient support

Shock absorber & fracture repair

Question 2

What are the three types of cartilage? What collagen is predominant in each? 3

Answer 2

Hyaline - type II collagen

Fibrocartilage - Type I collagen

Elastic - type II collagen

Question 3

What cells are contained within cartilage? What are their functions? 5

Answer 3

Chondroblasts –> secrete cartilage matrix

Chondrocytes –> matured chondroblasts trapped in the lacunae, maintain the matrix

Question 4

What is the ground substance of cartilage? 5

Answer 4

Proteoglycans:

Hyaluronic acid
Chondroitin sulfate
Keratin sulfate
Aggrecan

Question 5

Where would you find hyaline cartilage? 6

Answer 5

Nasal septum

Larynx/trachea/bronchi

Embryonic development

Ribs

Question 5

Where would you find elastic cartilage? 6

Answer 5

External ear epiglottis

Auditory tube

Question 6

Where would you find fibrocartilage? 6

Answer 6

Intervertebral discs

Pubic Symphysis

TMJ

Question 7

What cartilage subset lacks a perichondrium? 7

Answer 7

Articular cartilages (a type of hyaline cartilage)

Question 8

What is found in the territorial matrix? 9

Answer 8

Type II collagen w/ random arrangement, small concentration

High GAGs

Immediately surrounds cells

Question 9

What is found in the interterritorial matrix of cartilage?

Answer 9

Higher concentration of collagen II

Fewer GAGs

Question 10

What kind of tissue makes up perichondrium? 10

Answer 10

Dense Regular CT w/ vasculature

Question 11

What are the two components of the perichondrium? 10

Answer 11

Outer fibrous layer

Inner chondrogenic layer

Question 12

What layer makes up the transitional zone between cartilage and surrounding CT? 10

Answer 12

Outer Fibrous Layer

Question 13

What does the outer Fibrous layer of the perichondrium produce? 10

Answer 13

Type I collagen

Elastin

Question 14

What does the Inner Chondrogenic Layer of the perichondrium produce? 10

Answer 14

type II collagen

Chondroblasts

Question 15

How are chondrocytes oriented within fibrocartilage? 12

Answer 15

In columns oriented in the direction of functional stress

Question 16

Which of the three types of cartilage lacks a perichondrium? 12

Answer 16

Fibrocartilage

Question 17

Differentiate Interstitial vs appositional growth? 13

Answer 17

Interstitial growth –> increase length of cartilage (takes place within cartilage mass)

Appositional growth –> produces chondroblasts (takes place on surface of cartilage mass right under perichondrium)

Question 18

What occurs during cartilage repair? 15

Answer 18

Repair can be initiated from the perichondrium

Undifferentiated cells differentiate into chondrocytes –> synthesizes cartilage matrix

Repair cartilage has both type I and II collagen (w/ age replaced by dense CT)

Question 19

What are Synoviocytes? 20

Answer 19

Type A (macrophage-like)

Type B (fibroblast-like)

Question 20

What is the role of Type A Synoviocytes? 20

Answer 20

Macrophage-like

Regulate inflammation, phagocytizes, cleans with lysosomes

25%

Question 21

What is the role of Type B synoviocytes? 20

Answer 21

Fibroblast-like

Produces synovial fluid and hyaluronate

Lubricrates and nourishes the articular cartilage

Question 22

What are the layers of articular cartilage? 21

Answer 22

Tangential layer –> small chondrocytes, devoid of cells

Transitional layer (biggest)

Radial layer –> chondrocytes organized into columns

Calcified cartilage –> interfaces with bone

Question 23

How are cells arranged within Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage? 6

Answer 23

Hyaline Cartilage –> chondrocytes surrounded by territorial and interteritorial matrix

Elastic Cartilage –> chondrocytes surrounded by territorial and interteritorial matrix

Fibrocartilage –> chondrocytes alighted along stress lines