8-Psychology Flashcards
Foundations ofPsychology1. Introduction :
Definition of Psychology; Hi ~tor i caI antecedents of Psychology and trends in the 21st centrury;Psychology and scientific methods; Psychology in relationto other social sciences and natural sciences; Application ofPsychology to societal problems.PSYCHOLOGY 1
- Methods of Psychology :
Types of research : Descriptive. evaluative. diagnostic and prognostic; MethodsofResearch :Survey. observation. case-study and experiments;Characteristics of experimental design and non- ex peri mentaI designs; quasi-experimental designs; Focussed group discussions. brain storming. grounded theory approach.PSYCHOLOGY 2
- Research methods :
M’\jor steps in psychologicalresearch (problem statement. hypothesis formulation, researchdesign, sampling, tools of data collection, anal ysis andinterpretation and report writing); Fundamental versus appliedresearch; Methods of data collection (interview, observation.4uestionnaire and case study). Research Designs (Ex-postfacto and experimental). Application of statistical techn i4ues(t-test, two-way AN OVA, correlation and regression and factoranalysis) item response theory.PSYCHOLOGY 3
- Development of Human Behaviour :
Growth anddevelopment; Principles of development, Role of genetic andenvironmental factors in determining human behaviour;Influence of cultural factors in socialization ; Life spandevelopment-Characteristics, development tasks, promotingpsychological well-being across major stages ofthe life span.PSYCHOLOGY 4
- Sensation, Attention and Perception :
Sensation:concepts of threshold. absolute and difference thresholds.signal-detection and vigilance; Factors influencing attentionincluding set and characteristics of stimulus; Definition andconcept of perception. biological factors in perception;Perceptual organization-influence of past experiences.perceptual defence-factor influencing space and depthperception. size estimation and perceptual readiness; Theplasticity of perception; Extrasensory perception; Culture andperception. Subliminal perception.PSYCHOLOGY 5
- Learning :
Concepts and theories of learning(Behaviourists. Gestaltalist and Information processingmodels) . The processes of extinction. di scrimination andgeneralisation. Programmed learning. probability learning, selfinstructional learning. concepts. types and the schedules ofreinforcement. escape. avoidance and punishment. modellingand social learn ing.PSYCHOLOGY 6
- Memory : Encoding and remembering;
Shot-termmemory. Long-term memory, Sensory memory, Iconic memory,Echoic memory: The Multi store model, levels of processing;Organization and Mnemonic techniques to improve memory;Theories of forgetting: decay, interference and retrieval failure:Meta memory; Amnesia: Anterograde and retrograde.PSYCHOLOGY 7
- Titinking and Problem Solving :
Piaget’stheory of cognitive development; Concept formation processes; Information processing. Reasoning and problem solvin g. Facilitating and hindering factors in problem solving.Methodsof problem solving: Creative thinking and fosteringcreat.Jv1ty; Factors influencing decision making andjudgement; Recent trends.PSYCHOLOGY 8
- Motivation and Emotion :
Psychological and physiological basis of motivation and emotion; Measurementofmoti vation and emotion; Effects of moti vation and emotionon behaviour; Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation; Factorsinfluencing intri nsic motivation; Emotional competence andthe related issues.PSYCHOLOGY 9
- Intelligence and Aptitude :
Concept of intelligenceand aptitude. Nature and theories of intelligence-Spearman.Thurstone. Gulford Vernon. Sternberg and J .P. Das; EmotionalIntelligence. Social intelligence. measurement of intelligenceand aptitudes. concept of I Qdeviation I Q constancy of I QMeasurement of multiple intelligence; Fluid intelligence andcrystallized intelligence.PSYCHOLOGY 1 0
- Personality:
Definition and concept of personality;Theories of personality (psychoanalyticaL socio-culturaLinterpersonal. developmental. humanistic. behaviouristic. traitand type approaches); Measurement of personality ( pn~j ectivetests. pencil-paper test); The Indian approach to personality;Training for personality development; Latest approaches likebig 5 factor theory; The notion of self in different traditions.PSYCHOLOGY 11
- Attitudes, Values and Interests :
Definitions ofattitudes. values and interests; Compon ent~ of attitudes;Formation and maintenance of attitudes. Measurement ofattitudes. values and interest~. Theories of attitude changes.strategies for fostering values. Formation of stereotypes andprejudices; Changing othe r ‘s behaviour. Theories ofattribution; Recent trends.PSYCHOLOGY12
- Language and Communication :
Human languageProperties.stru
- Issues and Perspectives in Modern ContemporaryPsychology :
Computer application in the psychological laboratory and psychological testing; Artificial intelligence; Psychocybernetics; Study of consciousnessleep~wak schedules;dreams, stimulus deprivation, meditation, hypnotic/ druginduced states; Extrasensory perception; Intersensory perception; Simulation studies.PSYCHOLOGY 14
Psychology: Issues and applications1. Psychological Measurement of IndividualDifferences :
The nature of intli vitlual differences. Ch aracter i ~ti csanti construction of stantlartlizetl psychological te ~ts. Typesof psy chological tests. Use. mis use anti limitation ofpsychological tests. Ethical issues in the use of psychologicaltest~ .PSYCHOLOGY 15
- Psychological well being and Mental Disorders :
Concept of health-ill health positive health. well beingcasual factores in Mental disorders (Anxiety disorders. mooddisorders; schizophrenia and delusional disorders; personalitydisorders. substance abuse disorders). Factors influencingpositive health. well being; lifestyle and quality of life;Happiness dispositionPSYCHOLOGY 16
- Therapeutic Approaches:
Psychodynamic therapies. Behaviour therapies. Clientcentered therapy. Cognitive therapi es. Indigenous therapies(Yoga. Meditation). Biofeedback therapy. Prevention andrehabilitation of the mentally ill; Fo~teri n g mental health.PSYCHOLOGY 17
- Work Psychology and Organisational Behaviour :
Personnel selection and training. Use of Psychologicaltests in the industry. Training and human resourcedevelopment. Theories of work motivation. Herzberg. Maslow.Adam Equity theory. Porter and Lawler. Vroom; Leadershipand participatory management; Advertising and marketing;Stress and its manageme nt; Ergonomics; consumerpsychology; Manageri al effectiveness; Trans formationall eade rs ip; Seniti vity training; Power and politics inorganizations.PSYCHOLOGY18
- Application ofPsychology to Educational Field:
Psychological principles underlying effective teachinglearningprocess. Learning styles. Gifted. retarded. learningdi sabled and their training. Training for improving memoryand better academic achievement. Personality developmentand value education. Educational. vocational guidance andCareer counselling. Use of Psychological tests in education alinstitutions; Effective strategies in guidance programmes.PSYCHOLOGY 19
- Community Psychology:
Definition and
- Rehabilitation Psychology:
Primary. second ary and tertiary preve ntionprogrammes- role of psychologbts. Organising of servicesfor rehabilitation of physically. mentally and sociallychallenged persons including old persons. Rehabilitation ofpersons suffering from substance abuse. juvenile delinquency.criminal behaviours. Rehabilitation of victims of violence.Rehabilitation of HIY /AIDS victims. the role of social agencies.PSYCHOLOGY 21
- Application ofPsychology to disadvantaged groups:
The concepts of disadva ntaged. deprivation social.physic al. c ultural and economic conse4uences ofdi sadvantaged and de pri ved g roups. Educating andmoti vating the disadvantaged towards developme nt; Relativeand prolonged depri vation.PSYCHOLOGY 22
- Psychological problem of social integration :
The concept of soda! integration. The problem of caste,class, religion and language conflicts and prejudice. Natureand manifestation of prejudice between the ingroup andoutgroup. Casual factors of such conflicts and prejudices.Psych ological s trategies for handling the confli cts andprej udices. Measures to achieve social integration.PSYCHOLOGY 23
- Application ofPsychology in Information Technologyand Mass Media:
The present scenario of information technology andthe mass media boom and the role of psychologists. Sele1..tionand training of Psychology professionals to work in the fieldof IT and mass media. Distance learning through IT and massmedia. Entrepreneurship through e~comm erc e. Multilevelmarketing. Impact of TV and fostering value through IT andmass media . Psych ological consequences of recentdevelopments in Information Technology.PSYCHOLOGY 24
- Psychology and Economic development:
Achievement motivation and economic development.Characteristics of entrepreneurial behaviour. Motivating andTraining people for entrepreneurship and economicdevelopment; Consumer rights and consumer awareness,Government policies for promotion of entrepreneurship amongyouth including women entreprenures.PSYCHOLOGY 25
- Application ofPsychology to environment and relatedfields:
Environmental Psychology effects of noise. pollutionand crowding. Population Psy chology : Psych ologicalconsequence of population explosion and high populationdensity. Motivating for small family nonns. Impact of rapidsci enti fie and technolog ical growth on degradation ofenvironment.PSYCHOLOGY 26
- Application of psychology in other fields:
(a) Military PsychologyDevising psycological tests for defence personnel foruse in selection. Training. counseling; training psychologiststo work. with defence personnel in promoting positive health;Human engineering in defence.(b) Sports PsychologyPsychological interventions in improving performanceof athletes and sports. Persons participating in Individual andTeam Games.(c) Media influences on pro and anti-social behaviour.(d) Psychology of Terrorism.PSYCHOLOGY 27
- Psychology of Gender:
Issues of di scrimination. Management of di versity;Glass ceiling effect Self-ful filling prophesy. Women and Indian society.PSYCHOLOGY 28
