2-History Flashcards
- Sources
Archaeological sources :Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics,monuments.Literary sources:Indigenous: Primary and secondary; poetry, scientific1iterature, 1iterature, 1iterature in regional languages, re1igiousliterature.Foreign account: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers.History 1
- Pre-history and Proto-history :
Geographical factors; hunting and gathering (paleolithicand meso1ithic); Beginning of agriculture (neolithic andcha1co1ithic).History 2
- Indus Valley Civilization:
Origin, date, extent, characteristics-decline, survival andsigniticance, art and architecture.History 3
- Megalithic Cultures :
Distribution of pastoral and fanning cultures outsidethe Indus, Development of community life, Settlements,Development of agriculture, Crafts, Pottery, and Iron industry.History 4
5.Aryans and Vedic Period:
Expansions of Aryans in India:Vedic Period: Religious and philosophic literarure;Transfonnation from Rig Vedic period to the later Vedic period;Political, social and economical life; Significance of the VedicAge; Evolution of Monarchy and Varna system.History 5
- Period ofMahajanapadas:
Formation of States (Mahajanapada): Republics andmonarchies; Rise of urban centres; Trade routes; Economicgrowth; Introduction of coinage; Spread of Jainism andBuddism; Rise of Magadha and Nand as.Iranian and Mecedonian invasions and their impact.History 6
- Mauryan Empire:
Foundation of the Mauryan Empire, Chandragupta,Kautilya and Arthashastra; Ashoka; Concept of Dharma;Edicts; Polity. Administration, Economy; Art, architecture andsculpture; External contacts; Religion; Spread of religion;Literature.Disintegration of the empire; sungas and Kanvas.History 7
- Post-Mauryan Period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas,Western Kshatrapas):
Contact with outside world; growth of urban centres,economy, coinage, development of religions, Mahayana, socialconditions, art, architecture, culture, literature and science.History 8
- Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India:
Kharave]a, The Satavahanas, Tamil States of the Sang amAge; Administration, Economy, ]and grants, coinage, tradegui1ds and urban centres; Buddhist centres; Sangam 1iteratureand culture; Art and architecture.History 9
- Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas:
Polity and administration, Economic conditions, Coinageof the Guptas, Land grants, Decline of urban centres, Indianfeudalism, Caste system, Position of women, Education andeducational institutions; Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi,Literature, scientitlc literature, art and architecture.History 10
- Regional States during Gupta Era:
The Kadambas, Pa11avas, Chalukyas of Badami; Polityand Administration, Trade guilds, Literature; growth ofVaishnava and Saiva religions. Tamil Bhakit movement,Shankaracharya; Vedanta; Institutions of temple and templearchitecture; Palas, Senas, Rashtrakutas, Paramaras, Polity andadministration; Cultural aspects. Arab conquest of Sind;Alberuni, The Chaluky as of Kalyana, Cholas, Hoysalas,Pandyas; Polity and Administration; Local Government;Growth of art and architecture, religious sects, Institution oftemple and Mathas, Agraharas, education and literature,economy and society.History 11
- Themes in Early Indian Cultural History:
Languages and texts, major stages in the evolution ofart and architecture, major philosophical thinkers and schools,ideas in Science and Mathematics.History 12
- Early Medieval India, 750-1200:
-Polity: Major political developments in Northern Indiaand the peninsula, origin and the rise of Rajputs.-The Cho1as: administration, vi11age economy andsociety “Indian Feuda1ism”.-Agrarian economy and urban settlements.-Trade and commerce.-Society: the status of the Brahman and the new socialorder.-Condition of women.-Indian science and technology.History 13
- Cultural Traditions in India, 750-1200:
-Philosophy: Skankaracharya and Vedanta, Ramanuja andVishishtadvaita, Madhva and Brahma-Mimansa.-Religion: Forms and features of religion, Tamil devotionalcult, growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in India,Sutism.-Literature: Literature in Sanskrit, growth of Tamilliterature, literature in the newly developing languages,Ka1han’s Rajtarangini, A1beruni’s India .-Art and Architecture: Temple architecture, sculpture,painting.History 14
- The Thirteenth Century:
-Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate: The Ghurianinvasions - factors behind Ghurian success.-Economic, Social and cultural consequences.-Foundation of Delhi Sultanate and early Turkish Sultans.-Consolidation: The rule of lltutmish and BalbanHistory 15
- The Fourteenth Century:
-“The Khalji Revolution”.- Alauddin Khalji: Conquests and territorial expansion,agrarian and economic measure.-Muhammad Tughluq: Major projects, agrarian measures,bureaucracy of Muhammad Tughluq.- Firuz Tugluq: Agrarian measures, achievements in civilengineering and public works, decline ofthe Sultanate,foreign contacts and Ibn Battuta’s account.History 16
- Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth andFourteenth Centuries:
-Society: composition of rural society, ruling classes,town dwellers, women, religious classes, caste andslavery under the Sultanate, Bhakti movement, Sutimovement.-Culture: Persian literature, literature in the regionallanguages of North India, literaute in the languages ofSouth India, Sultanate architecture and new structuralforms, painting, evolution of a composite culture.-Economy: Agricultural Production, rise of urbaneconomy and non-agricultural production, trade andcommerce.History 17
- The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century-PoliticalDevelopments and Economy:
-Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Bengal, Kashmir (ZainulAbedin), Gujarat.- Malwa, Bahmanids.-The Vijayanagara Empire.-Lodis.-Mughal Empire, first phase: Babur, Humayun.-The Sur Empire: Sher Shah’s administration.-Portuguese colonial enterprise, Bhakti and SufiMovements.History 18
- The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century- Society andculture:
-Regional cultures specificities.-Literary traditions.-Provincial architectural.-Society, culture, literature and the arts in YijayanagaraEmpire.History 19
- Akbar:
-Conquests and consolidation of empire.-Establishment ofjaxir and mansah systems.-Raj put policy.-Evolution of religious and social outlook. Theory ofSullz-i-kul and religious policy.-Court patronage of art and technology.History 20