11-Geology Flashcards
- General Geology:
The Solar System, meteorites, origin and interior of theearth and age of earth; Volcanoes-causes and products,Volcanic belts. Earthquakes-causes, effects, seismic of zoneof India; Island arcs, trenches and mid-ocean ridges;Continental drift; Seatloor spreading, plate tectonics.lsostasy.GEOLOGY 1
- Geomorphology and Remote Sensing:
Basic concepts of geomorphology. Weathering and soilformations; Landforms, slopes and drainage. Geomorphiccycles and their interpretation. Morphology and its relationto structures and lithology; Coastal geomorphology;Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civilengineering; hydrology and environmental studies;Geomorphology of Indian sub-continent.Aerial photographs and their interpretation-merits andlimitations; The Electromagnetic spectrum. OrbitingSatellites and Sensor Systems. Indian Remote SensingSatellites. Satellite data products; Applications of remotesensing in geology; The Geographic Information System(GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS)-its applications.GEOLOGY 2
- Structural Geology:
Principles of geologic mapping and map r eading,projection diagrams, Stress and strain ellipsoid and stressstrainrelationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials;Strain markers in deformed rocks. Behaviour of minerals androcks under deformation conditions. Folds and faultsclassification and mechanics; Structural analysis of folds,foliations, lineations, joint~ and fault~, unconformities; Timerelationshipbetween crystallization and deformation.GEOLOGY 3
- Paleontology :
Species-detinition and nomenclature; Megafossils andMicrofossils. Modes of preservation of fossils; Different kindsof microfossils; Application of microfossils in correlation,petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographicstudies; Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae andProboscidae. Siwalik fauna.Gondwana t1ora and fauna and its importance; Indexfossils and their significance.GEOLOGY 4
- Indian Stratigraphy:
Classification of stratigraphic sequences: lithostratigraphic,biostratigraphic, chrono-stratigraphic andmagnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships; Distributionand classification of Precambrian rocks of India; Study ofstratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocksof India with reference to fauna, tlora and economicimportance. Major boundary problems-Cambrian/Precambrian, Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary andPliocene/Pleistocene; Study of climatic conditions,paleogeography and igneous activity in the Indian subcontinentin the geological past. Tectonic framework of India.Evolution of the Himalayas.GEOLOGY 5
- Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology :
Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water;Movement of subsurface water; Springs; Porosity,permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity andstorage coefficient, classification of aquifers; Water-bearingcharacteristics of rocks; Groundwater chemistry. Salt waterintrusion. Types of we11s. Drainage basin morphometry;Exploration for groundwater; Groundwater recharge;Problems and management of groundwater; Rainwaterharvesting; Engineering properties of rocks; Geologica]investigations for dams, tunnels highways, railway andbridges; Rock as construction material; Landslides causes,prevention and rehabilitation; Earthquake-resistant structures.GEOLOGY 6
- Mineralogy :
Class itication of crystals into systems and classes ofsymmetry; International system of crystallographic notation;Use of projection diagrams to represent crystal symmetry;Element<> of X-ray crystallography.Physical and chemical characters of rock forming s ilicatemineral groups; SlrUctural classiti cation of silicates; Commonminerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks; Minerals of thecarbonate, phosphate, sulphide and halide groups; Clayminerals.Optical properties of common rock forming minerals;Pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction, birefringence,twinning and dispersion in minerals.GEOLOGY 7
- Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology :
Generation and crysta11isation of magmas. Crystal1isationof albite-anorthite, diopside-anorthite and diopsidewollastonite-silica systems. Bowen’s Reaction Principle;Magmatic differentiation and assimilation. Petrogeneticsignificance of the textures and structures of igneous rocks.Petrography and petrogenesis of granite, syenite, diorite, basicand ultrabasic groups, chamockite, anorthosite and alkalinerocks. Carbonatites. Deccan volcanic province.Types and agents of metamorphism. Metamorphicgrades and zones; Phase rule. Facies of regional and contactmetamorphism; ACF and AKF diagrams; Textures andstructures of metamorphic rocks. Metamorphism ofarenaceous, argillaceous and basic rocks; Mineralsassemblages. Retrograde metamorphism; Metasomatism andgranitisation, migmatites. Granulite terrains of India.3. Sedimenary Petrology :GEOLOGY 8
- Sedimenary Petrology :
Sedimentas and Sedimentary rocks: Processes offormation; digenesis and lithitication; Clastic and non-clasticrocks-their classitic ation, petrography and depositionalenvironment; Sedimentary facies and provenance. Sedimentarystructures and their significance. Heavy minerals and theirs ignificance. Sedimentary basins of India.GEOLOGY 9
- Economic Geology:
Ore, ore mineral and gangue, tenor of ore. Classiticationof ore deposits; Processes of formation of mineral deposits;Controls of ore localisation; Ore texures and s tructures;Metallogenic epochs and provinces; Geology of the importantIndian deposit<> of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, iron,lead, zinc, manganese, titanium, uranium and thorium andindustrial minerals; Deposit<> of coal and petroleum in India,National Mineral Policy; Conservation and utilization of mineralresources. Marine mineral resources and Law of Sea.GEOLOGY10
- lVlining Geology:
Methods of prospecting- geological, geophysical,geochemical and geobotanical; Techniques of sampling.Estimation of reseTVes of ore; Methods of exploration andmining-metallic ores, indus trial minerals, marine mineralresources and building stones. Mineral beneficiation and oredressing.GEOLOGY 11
- Ceo chemistry and Environmental Geology :
Cosmic abundance of elements. Composition of theplanets and meteorites. Structure and composition of earthand distribution of elements. Trace elements. Element<> ofcrystal chemis try-types of chemical bonds, coordinationnumber. Isomorphi sm and polymorphism. Elementarythermodynamics.Natural hazards-tloods, mass wasting, costal hazards,earthquakes and vol canic activ ity and mitigati on;Environmental impact of urbanization, mining, industrial andradioactive waste disposal, use of fertilizers, dumping of minewaste and tly-ash. Pollution of ground and surface water,marine pollution. Environment protection-legislativemeasures in lndia; Sea level changes: causes and impact.GEOLOGY12
