[8] PRELIMS | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Flashcards
Covers majority of a person’s health needs, promotion, prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, palliation from birth to the final days of life
Primary Health Care
BRIEF HISTORY / LEGAL BASIS
World Health Assembly passed a resolution WHA 30.43 which started the Health-for-All movement
1977
BRIEF HISTORY / LEGAL BASIS
Health leaders from 200 countries attended the **International Conference for Primary Health Care **(Alma Ata, USSR) initiated by WHO and UNICEF and made Alma Ata Declaration
September 6-12, 1978
BRIEF HISTORY / LEGAL BASIS
World Health Assembly launched the “Global Strategy for Health for All.”
1979
BRIEF HISTORY / LEGAL BASIS
The “Global Strategy for Health for All” was adopted by the 34th World Health Assembly
1981
BASIS HISTORY / LEGAL BASIS
Pres. Ferdinand Marcos issued the LOI No. 949 which mandated the MOH to adopt PHC as an approach to the development & implementation of programs which focus on health development, at community level
October 19, 1979
DOH act as the leader in the promotion of ____ in the country
PHC
ALMA ATA DECLARATION ON PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
- Health is a ____.
- There exists global burden of ____ among populations
- ____ is of basic importance for the full attainment of health for all
- ____ have a responsibility for the health of their people
- Health is a basic fundamental right.
- There exists global burden of health inequalities among populations
- Economic and social development is of basic importance for the full attainment of health for all
- Governments have a responsibility for the health of their people
GOAL OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
“ Health for all by the year 2000”
OBJECTIVES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
- Improvement in the (1) ____ of the community
- Favorable (2) ____.
- Reduction in (3) ____ especially among infants & children.
- Reduction in the prevalence of (4) ____.
- Extension of (5) ____ with priority given to underserved sectors.
- Improvement in (6) ____.
- Development of the capability of the community aimed at (7) ____.
- Maximization of the contribution of all sectors other than health to the (8) ____ of the community.
(1) level of health
(2) population growth & structure
(3) morbidity & mortality rates
(4) preventable, communicable & other diseases
(5) essential health services
(6) basic sanitation
(7) self-reliance
(8) social & economic development
ELEMENTS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE (WHO)
- Reducing exclusion and social disparities in health (____)
- Organizing health services around people’s needs and expectations (____)
- Integrating health into all sectors (____)
- Pursuing collaborative models of policy dialogue (____)
- Increasing ____
- Reducing exclusion and social disparities in health (universal coverage )
- Organizing health services around people’s needs and expectations (health service reforms)
- Integrating health into all sectors (public policy reforms)
- Pursuing collaborative models of policy dialogue (leadership reforms)
- Increasing stakeholder participation
ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICES IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
E - ____
L - ____
E - ____
M - ____
E - ____
N - ____
T - ____
S - ____
E - Education for health
L - Locally endemic disease control
E - Expanded program for immunization
M - Maternal and Child Health including responsible parenthood
E - Essential drugs
N - Nutrition
T - Treatment of Communicable and Noncommunicable diseases
S - Safe water and sanitation
PRINCIPLES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
- A____
- S____
- M____
- C____
- E____
- A____
- Accessibility , affordability, acceptability, and availability
- Support mechanisms
- Multisectoral Approach
- Community Participation
- Equitable distribution of health resources
- Appropriate Technology
4 As of PHC
- Accessibility
- Affordability
- Acceptability
- Availability
- Health care facilities must be within (1) ____ from the communities
- Out of pocket expenses for health care. In the Philippines, govt health insurance is covered through (2) ____
- Health care in consonance with (3) ____
- (4) ____ are provided regularly
(1) 30 minutes
(2) PhilHealth
(3) culture and traditions
(4) Basic health services
SUPPORT MECHANISM
Resources for essential health services come from 3 major entities :
1. ____
2. ____
3. ____
- people
- government
- private sector - NGOs, socio-civic, faith groups
Primary health care requires communication, cooperation, and collaboration within and among various sectors
Multisectoral Approach
Educational and empowering process in which people, in partnership with those who are able to assist them, identify the problems and the needs and increasingly assume responsibilities themselves to plan, manage, control, and assess the collective actions that are proved necessary.
Community Participation
Primary health care is community-based and preventive in orientation. It calls for an inventory and analysis of health resources, facilities, and manpower
Equitable Distribution of Health Resources
- Technology that is suitable to the community that will use it.
- Also known as people’s technology and indigenous technology
Appropriate Technology
COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
GOAL
- Traditional - Absence of Disease
- Primary Health Care - Development & preventive health care
COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
FOCUS OF CARE
- Traditional - Sick
- Primary Health Care - Well and Early Sick
COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
SETTING FOR SERVICES
- Traditional - Urban-based hospitals, clinics, & homes (accessible to few)
- Primary Health Care - Rural-based in satellite clinics, community health centers (health posts are accessible)
COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
PEOPLE
- Traditional - Passive recipient of care
- Primary Health Care - Active participant
COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
PROCESS
- Traditional - Decision making from top to down
- Primary Health Care - Decision making from bottom to up
COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
STRUCTURE
- Traditional - Health isolated from other sectors
- Primary Health Care - Health is an integral part of the socio-economic development system
COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
TECHNOLOGY
-
Traditional - Curative- based on modern medicine and sophisticated technology
(doctor-dominated) - Primary Health Care - Promotive and preventive- blending traditional with modern medicine. Acceptance of indigenous practitioners (appropriate technology frontline of care)
COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
OUTCOME
- Traditional - Reliance on health professionals
-
Primary Health Care - Local self-reliance
Socially and economically productive (self-help)
GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
“Reaffirming the commitments expressed in the ambitious and visionary (1) ____ and ____, in pursuit of Health for All ”
- (2) ____
“Reaffirming the commitments expressed in the ambitious and visionary (1) Declaration of Alma-Ata of 1978 & the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, in pursuit of Health for All ”
- (2) Astana, Kazakhstan (October 25-26, 2018)
VISION OF ASTANA, 2018
A. Governments & societies that (1) ____, at both population & individual levels, through strong health systems;
B. PHC & health services that are (2) ____ for everyone & everywhere, provided with compassion, respect & dignity by health professionals who are well-trained, skilled, motivated & committed;
A. Governments & societies that (1) prioritize, promote & protect people’s health & well-being, at both population & individual levels, through strong health systems;
B. PHC & health services that are (2) high quality, safe, comprehensive, integrated, accessible, available & affordable for everyone & everywhere, provided with compassion, respect & dignity by health professionals who are well-trained, skilled, motivated & committed;
DECLARATION OF ASTANA, 2018
II. (1) ____ is the most inclusive, effective & efficient approach to enhance people’s physical & mental health, as well as social well-being
PHC is a cornerstone of a (2) ____ & health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
II. (1) Strengthening PHC is the most inclusive, effective & efficient approach to enhance people’s physical & mental health, as well as social well-being
PHC is a cornerstone of a (2) sustainable health system for universal health coverage (UHC) & health-related SustainableDevelopment Goals
DECLARATION OF ASTANA, 2018
I. Commitment to fundamental right of every human being to the enjoyment of the (1) ____ without distinction of any kind
Importance of health for (2) ____.
I. Commitment to fundamental right of every human being to the enjoyment of the (1) highest attainable standard of health without distinction of any kind
Importance of health for (2) peace, security & socioeconomic development, & their interdependence
VISION OF ASTANA, 2018
C. Enabling & health-conducive environments in which individuals & communities are empowered & engaged in (1) ____;
D. Partners & stakeholders aligned in providing effective support to (2) ____
C. Enabling & health-conducive environments in which individuals & communities are empowered & engaged in (1) maintaining & enhancing their health & well-being;
D. Partners & stakeholders aligned in providing effective support to (2) national health policies, strategies & plans
DECLARATION OF ASTANA, 2018
III. People in all parts of the world still have unaddressed health needs.
Address the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases, which lead to poor health & premature deaths due to (1) ____.
(2) ____ must be accessible to all.
III. People in all parts of the world still have unaddressed health needs.
Address the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases, which lead to poor health & premature deaths due to (1) tobacco use, the harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy lifestyles & behaviours, & insufficient physical activity & unhealthy diets.
(2) Promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative services & palliative care must be accessible to all.
DECLARATION OF ASTANA, 2018
IV. Reaffirm the (1)____ at all levels in promoting and protecting the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health.
V. Build (2) ____. Strengthen health systems by investing in PHC
IV. Reaffirm the (1) primary role & responsibility of Governments at all levels in promoting and protecting the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health.
V. Build sustainable primary health care. Strengthen health systems by investing in PHC
