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NR-NUR123 | Community Health Nursing (CHN) > [3] PRELIMS | GLOBAL AND NATIONAL HEALTH SITUATIONS > Flashcards

[3] PRELIMS | GLOBAL AND NATIONAL HEALTH SITUATIONS Flashcards

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1
Q

Global Health Awareness

Understanding health situations globally enables community health nurses to ____, such as pandemics, climate change impacts, and global health disparities.

A

recognize and respond to health trends that transcend national borders

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2
Q

National Health Focus

____ provides insights into the specific health challenges faced by communities within the country. This knowledge is crucial for tailoring nursing interventions to meet the unique needs of diverse populations

A

National health data

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3
Q

Impact on Public Health Initiatives

Nurses equipped with global and national health knowledge can contribute to evidence-based public health initiatives, ensuring that interventions are aligned with the most pressing health issues.

A

Informed Decision-Making

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4
Q

Impact on Public Health Initiatives: Resource Allocation

Understanding health priorities helps in the ____, directing efforts where they are most needed, such as in high-risk populations or underserved areas

A

efficient allocation of resources

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5
Q

Influence on Policy Development: Advocacy Role

Community health nurses play a vital role in (1) ____. Knowledge of health situations enables nurses to advocate for policies that promote (2) ____.

A

(1) advocating for policies that address both global and national health challenges
(2) health equity and access to care

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6
Q

Influence on Policy Development: Policy Implementation

Nurses are often involved in the implementation of ____. Understanding the broader health context ensures that these policies are implemented effectively and with consideration of local needs

A

health policies at the community level

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7
Q

Refers to the health of populations in a worldwide context, transcending national boundaries to address health issues that affect people globally

A

Global Health

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8
Q

Global Health

It focuses on improving health and achieving ____, emphasizing the prevention and management of diseases that cross borders, global health equity, and the collective action required to address these challenges

A

equity in health for all people worldwide

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9
Q

Key Organizations in Public Health

The leading international body responsible for global public health. It provides leadership on global health matters, shapes the health research agenda, sets norms and standards, and monitors health trends globally

A

World Health Organization (WHO)

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10
Q

Key Organizations in Public Health

Though a U.S. agency, it plays a critical role in global health by partnering with other countries, including the Philippines, to prevent and control infectious diseases, improve health security, and promote health equity

A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

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11
Q

Key Organizations in Public Health

Focuses on the health and well-being of children worldwide. It supports global vaccination programs, maternal and child health initiatives, and efforts to improve nutrition and education

A

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)

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12
Q

The Phillipines’ Role in Global Health

Collaborates with WHO and other agencies to address issues like infectious disease outbreaks, maternal and child health, and health system strengthening.

A

Department of Health (DOH)

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13
Q

Transnational Health Challenges

Health issues such as (1) ____ do not respect national borders.

These challenges require a (2) ____, with countries like the Philippines playing a vital role in regional and global health initiatives.

A

(1) pandemics (e.g., COVID-19), climate change, and antibiotic resistance

(2) coordinated global response

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14
Q

Global Health Initiatives

The (1) ____ means that actions taken in one nation can have far-reaching impacts on global health.

For example, (2) ____ in the Philippines not only protect its population but also contribute to global efforts to eradicate diseases like polio and measles

A

(1) interconnectedness of countries
(2) vaccination programs

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15
Q

Shared Knowledge and Resources

Global health encourages the sharing of best practices, knowledge, and resources between countries. The Philippines benefits from and contributes to global health knowledge, particularly in areas like ____, enhancing both national and global health security

A

disaster response and disease prevention

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16
Q

Global Life Expectancy

As of the latest data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2023, the global life expectancy is ____

A

73.3 years

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17
Q

Global Life Expectancy

Life expectancy varies significantly across regions, with higher averages in (1) ____ and lower averages in low-income regions, particularly in (2) ____

A

(1) developed countries
(2) Sub-Saharan Africa

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18
Q

Leading Causes of Death Worldwide

The leading cause of death globally, accounting for approximately 16% of all deaths

A

Ischemic Heart Disease

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19
Q

Leading Causes of Death Worldwide

Responsible for 11% of global deaths, making it the second leading cause

A

Stroke

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20
Q

Leading Causes of Death Worldwide

Accounts for 6% of all deaths worldwide

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

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21
Q

Leading Causes of Death Worldwide

Other significant causes include (1) ____, neonatal conditions, and (2) ____

A

(1) lower respiratory infections
(2) Alzheimer’s disease

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22
Q

Global Disease Burden

While the burden of communicable diseases has decreased globally, they still pose significant challenges in low-income countries. Diseases such as ____

A

HIV/AIDS

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23
Q

Global Disease Burden

Account for nearly 71% of global deaths, with cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, and respiratory diseases leading the charge

A

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

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24
Q

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

These diseases are often associated with lifestyle factors such as ____

A

diet, physical inactivity, and tobacco use

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25
Q

Global Disease Burden

The ____ highlights a growing trend in the burden of NCDs in both developed and developing countries

A

Global Burden of Disease Report 2023

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26
Q

Pandemics

The ____ has had a profound impact on global health, highlighting the vulnerability of health systems worldwide. It led to millions of deaths and disrupted economies, healthcare services, and social structures globally.

A

COVID-19 Pandemic

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27
Q

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Diseases such as ____ continue to pose significant threats, especially in regions with weak healthcare infrastructures. The potential for new pandemics underscores the need for robust global surveillance and response mechanisms

A

Ebola, Zika, and Avian Influenza

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28
Q

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

Leading cause of death worldwide, largely driven by lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of physical activity, and tobacco use

A

Heart Disease

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29
Q

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

Rapidly increasing in prevalence, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, driven by rising obesity rates and sedentary lifestyles

A

Diabetes

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30
Q

Health Inequalities

Disparities in (1) ____ remain a major challenge, with millions of people lacking access to essential health services. (2) ____ are disproportionately affected

A

(1) access to healthcare services
(2) Rural and low-income populations

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31
Q

Health Inequalities

Is both a cause and consequence of poor health. It limits access to nutritious food, clean water, and healthcare, exacerbating health outcomes and perpetuating a cycle of poor health and ____

A

Poverty

32
Q

Environmental Issues

Is increasingly recognized as a major threat to global health. It exacerbates health problems by increasing the frequency of extreme weather events, altering disease patterns, and contributing to food and water insecurity.

A

Climate Change

33
Q

Environmental Issues

Are significant contributors to the global burden of disease, causing millions of premature deaths annually. They contribute to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and other health issues

A

Air & Water Pollution

34
Q

Overview of National Health System

The Philippine healthcare system is a mix of (1) ____, with the (2) ____ serving as the central health authority

A

(1) public and private providers
(2) Department of Health (DOH)

35
Q

Overview of the National Health System

The ____ is designed to be accessible to all Filipinos, with services delivered through a network of health centers, rural health units, and hospitals

A

public health system

36
Q

Overview of the National Health System

The country has implemented a ____, aiming to provide comprehensive health services to all citizens, ensuring equitable access to quality healthcare services

A

Universal Healthcare Law (Republic Act No. 11223)

37
Q

Key Health Agencies

Is responsible for developing national health policies, programs, and regulations. It also oversees the implementation of health services and works to ensure the safety and efficacy of medical products and services

A

Department of Health (DOH)

38
Q

Key Health Agencies

The leading agency in the research and control of tropical and infectious diseases, playing a key role in managing public health emergencies

A

Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM)

39
Q

Key Health Agencies

Administers the National Health Insurance Program, which provides health insurance coverage to all Filipinos, with a focus on expanding coverage to the poor and marginalized

A

Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth)

40
Q

Recent Health Reforms or Policies

This landmark legislation aims to provide all Filipinos with access to a comprehensive set of health services, from preventive to curative and rehabilitative care. It strengthens the primary healthcare system, expands the role of local governments in healthcare delivery, and ensures that every Filipino is automatically enrolled in the National Health Insurance Program

A

Universal Health Care Act (2019)

41
Q

Recent Health Reforms or Policies

The government has strengthened its immunization efforts, especially in response to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles and polio

A

National Immunization Program

42
Q

Recent Health Reforms or Policies

The Philippines implemented various strategies to mitigate the impact of COVID-19, including mass vaccination campaigns, public health safety measures, and the expansion of healthcare infrastructure to manage the surge in cases

A

COVID-19 Response

43
Q

Life Expectancy of the Philippines

As of 2024, the life expectancy in the Philippines is approximately (1) ____ years for men and (2) ____ years for women. This reflects ongoing improvements in healthcare but highlights the need for continued focus on addressing health disparities and preventive care

A

(1) 71.4 years for men
(2) 77.2 years for women

44
Q

Leading Causes of Death in the Philippines

The leading cause of death in the Philippines, contributing to a significant percentage of annual fatalities. Lifestyle factors such as diet and physical inactivity play a major role

A

Heart Diseases

45
Q

Leading Causes of Death in the Philippines

Includes various types such as lung, breast, and colorectal variants. Its rates have been rising, necessitating increased efforts in early detection and treatment

A

Cancer

46
Q

Leading Causes of Death in the Philippines

____ and other unintentional injuries are also significant contributors to mortality, emphasizing the need for improved safety measures and accident prevention programs

A

Road traffic accidents

47
Q

Leading Causes of Death in the Philippines

Conditions like ____ are prevalent, often linked to smoking and air pollution

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

48
Q

Health Disparities

(1) ____ centers tend to have more advanced healthcare facilities, specialized services, and healthcare professionals, while (2) ____ often face shortages of medical staff, limited healthcare infrastructure, and longer travel times to access care

A

(1) Urban
(2) rural areas

49
Q

Vaccination Coverage

While vaccination programs have been effective in reducing the incidence of many preventable diseases, there are still gaps in coverage due to factors such as ____, ____, and ____ to healthcare

A

vaccine hesitancy, logistical challenges, and inconsistent access to healthcare

50
Q

Is an increasingly prominent issue in the Philippines, with rising cases of depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders

A

Mental Health

51
Q

Mental Health Issues

The ____ aims to address these issues by integrating mental health services into the primary healthcare system and promoting mental health awareness

A

Mental Health Act of 2018

52
Q

The ____ in the Philippines is a growing concern, particularly for those without adequate health insurance

A

cost of healthcare

53
Q

Rising Healthcare Costs

While the (1) ____ aims to alleviate some of these costs by expanding PhilHealth coverage, out-of-pocket expenses remain high, especially for (2) ____ and ____

A

(1) Universal Health Care (UHC) Law
(2) specialized care and chronic disease management

54
Q

Rising Healthcare Costs

The financial burden of healthcare can lead to ____ and ____

A

delayed treatment and poorer health outcomes

55
Q

Infectious Disease Outbreaks

The Philippines continues to battle outbreaks of infectious diseases such as ____, ____, and ____

A

measles, dengue, and polio

56
Q

Similar Health Challenges

Both GLOBAL and NATIONAL health systems face challenges related to (1) ____, such as hypertension and diabetes, and the rising burden of (2) ____

A

(1) chronic diseases
(2) non-communicable diseases

57
Q

Similar Health Challenges

Are common issues, with both GLOBAL and NATIONAL contexts experiencing challenges related to access to healthcare and disease prevention

A

Infectious Diseases and Health Disparities

58
Q

Differnces in Health Challenges

While (1) ____ are still a major concern in many low-income countries globally, high-income countries and the Philippines face a growing burden of (2) ____

A

(1) infectious diseases
(2) non-communicable diseases

59
Q

Differences in Health Challenges

Global disparities in ____ can be more pronounced in lower-income countries compared to the Philippines, which, despite challenges, has a relatively more developed healthcare infrastructure

A

healthcare access

60
Q

Influence of Global Trends on National Health Policies

Influence national policies by highlighting emerging health threats and successful interventions

A

Global Health Trends

61
Q

Influence of Global Trends on National Health Policies

International health statistics and trends can drive ____ and ____, ensuring that local health systems address both global and specific national health needs

A

national health priorities and resource allocation

62
Q

Play a critical role in delivering primary care, managing chronic diseases, and providing preventive care

A

Nurses - Primary Care Providers

63
Q

Nurses

They are often the ____ for patients and can help bridge gaps in the healthcare system

A

first point of contact

64
Q

Implications for Community Health Nursing

Nurses educate individuals and communities about health issues, disease prevention, and healthy lifestyles. They address both global health issues, like chronic disease management, and national challenges, such as vaccination coverage and maternal health

A

Health Educators

65
Q

Implications for Community Health Nursing

Nurses advocate for ____, addressing disparities in health outcomes and working towards improving access for underserved populations

A

equitable access to healthcare services

66
Q

Implications for Community Health Nursing

Conduct thorough (1) ____ to identify health needs and priorities. Use data from (2) ____ to guide intervention planning

A

(1) community assessments
(2) health surveys and community feedback

67
Q

Implications for Community Health Nursing

Collaborate with other ____, ____, and ____ to design and execute health interventions

A

healthcare professionals, community organizations, and government agencies

68
Q

Implications for Community Health Nursing

Utilize a ____ to address complex health issues

A

multidisciplinary approach

69
Q

Implications for Community Health Nursing

Advocate for policies and programs that improve ____ and address ____

A

health outcomes and address social determinants of health

70
Q

Implications for Community Health Nursing

Promote ____ that address major health challenges, such as non-communicable diseases and infectious disease prevention.

A

public health initiatives

71
Q

Resources and Tools for Community Health Nurses

Provides comprehensive global health statistics, reports, and research data. Key resource for understanding international health trends and accessing data on various health indicators

A

WHO Health Data Repository

72
Q

Resources and Tools for Community Health Nurses

Offers detailed reports on national health trends, including statistics on disease prevalence, health behaviors, and health outcomes in the U.S. Useful for understanding national health issues and informing local practice

A

CDC’s National Health Statistics Reports

73
Q

Resources and Tools for Community Health Nurses

Provides region-specific health information, resources, and guidelines. Includes data on local health concerns, community health programs, and public health initiatives

A

Local Health Department Resources

74
Q

Resources and Tools for Community Health Nurses

Access to a range of databases with articles, research, and evidence-based practice guidelines in community health nursing. Essential for staying updated with the latest research and best practices

A

Online Databases for Community Health Nursing

Ex. PubMed, CINAHL, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)

75
Q

Importance of Understanding Health Situations

Provides insight into local health challenges and the effectiveness of national health programs and policies

A

National Perspective

75
Q

Importance of Understanding Health Situations

Enables nurses to recognize and address international health issues that could impact local health policies and practices

A

Global Perspective

NR-NUR123 | Community Health Nursing (CHN) (16 decks)

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