[3] PRELIMS | GLOBAL AND NATIONAL HEALTH SITUATIONS Flashcards by Rayben William Sanchez

Global Health Awareness

Understanding health situations globally enables community health nurses to ____, such as pandemics, climate change impacts, and global health disparities.

recognize and respond to health trends that transcend national borders

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

National Health Focus

____ provides insights into the specific health challenges faced by communities within the country. This knowledge is crucial for tailoring nursing interventions to meet the unique needs of diverse populations

National health data

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Impact on Public Health Initiatives

Nurses equipped with global and national health knowledge can contribute to evidence-based public health initiatives, ensuring that interventions are aligned with the most pressing health issues.

Informed Decision-Making

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Impact on Public Health Initiatives: Resource Allocation

Understanding health priorities helps in the ____, directing efforts where they are most needed, such as in high-risk populations or underserved areas

efficient allocation of resources

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Influence on Policy Development: Advocacy Role

Community health nurses play a vital role in (1) ____. Knowledge of health situations enables nurses to advocate for policies that promote (2) ____.

(1) advocating for policies that address both global and national health challenges
(2) health equity and access to care

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Influence on Policy Development: Policy Implementation

Nurses are often involved in the implementation of ____. Understanding the broader health context ensures that these policies are implemented effectively and with consideration of local needs

health policies at the community level

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Refers to the health of populations in a worldwide context, transcending national boundaries to address health issues that affect people globally

Global Health

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Global Health

It focuses on improving health and achieving ____, emphasizing the prevention and management of diseases that cross borders, global health equity, and the collective action required to address these challenges

equity in health for all people worldwide

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Key Organizations in Public Health

The leading international body responsible for global public health. It provides leadership on global health matters, shapes the health research agenda, sets norms and standards, and monitors health trends globally

World Health Organization (WHO)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Key Organizations in Public Health

Though a U.S. agency, it plays a critical role in global health by partnering with other countries, including the Philippines, to prevent and control infectious diseases, improve health security, and promote health equity

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Key Organizations in Public Health

Focuses on the health and well-being of children worldwide. It supports global vaccination programs, maternal and child health initiatives, and efforts to improve nutrition and education

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Phillipines’ Role in Global Health

Collaborates with WHO and other agencies to address issues like infectious disease outbreaks, maternal and child health, and health system strengthening.

Department of Health (DOH)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Transnational Health Challenges

Health issues such as (1) ____ do not respect national borders.

These challenges require a (2) ____, with countries like the Philippines playing a vital role in regional and global health initiatives.

(1) pandemics (e.g., COVID-19), climate change, and antibiotic resistance

(2) coordinated global response

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Global Health Initiatives

The (1) ____ means that actions taken in one nation can have far-reaching impacts on global health.

For example, (2) ____ in the Philippines not only protect its population but also contribute to global efforts to eradicate diseases like polio and measles

(1) interconnectedness of countries
(2) vaccination programs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Shared Knowledge and Resources

Global health encourages the sharing of best practices, knowledge, and resources between countries. The Philippines benefits from and contributes to global health knowledge, particularly in areas like ____, enhancing both national and global health security

disaster response and disease prevention

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Global Life Expectancy

As of the latest data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2023, the global life expectancy is ____

73.3 years

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Global Life Expectancy

Life expectancy varies significantly across regions, with higher averages in (1) ____ and lower averages in low-income regions, particularly in (2) ____

(1) developed countries
(2) Sub-Saharan Africa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Leading Causes of Death Worldwide

The leading cause of death globally, accounting for approximately 16% of all deaths

Ischemic Heart Disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Leading Causes of Death Worldwide

Responsible for 11% of global deaths, making it the second leading cause

Stroke

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Leading Causes of Death Worldwide

Accounts for 6% of all deaths worldwide

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Leading Causes of Death Worldwide

Other significant causes include (1) ____, neonatal conditions, and (2) ____

(1) lower respiratory infections
(2) Alzheimer’s disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Global Disease Burden

While the burden of communicable diseases has decreased globally, they still pose significant challenges in low-income countries. Diseases such as ____

HIV/AIDS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Global Disease Burden

Account for nearly 71% of global deaths, with cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, and respiratory diseases leading the charge

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

These diseases are often associated with lifestyle factors such as ____

diet, physical inactivity, and tobacco use

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

# Global Disease Burden The ____ highlights a growing trend in the burden of NCDs in both developed and developing countries

Global Burden of Disease Report 2023

# Pandemics The ____ has had a profound impact on global health, highlighting the vulnerability of health systems worldwide. It led to millions of deaths and disrupted economies, healthcare services, and social structures globally.

COVID-19 Pandemic

# Emerging Infectious Diseases Diseases such as ____ continue to pose significant threats, especially in regions with weak healthcare infrastructures. The potential for new pandemics underscores the need for robust global surveillance and response mechanisms

Ebola, Zika, and Avian Influenza

# Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) Leading cause of death worldwide, largely driven by lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of physical activity, and tobacco use

Heart Disease

# Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) Rapidly increasing in prevalence, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, driven by rising obesity rates and sedentary lifestyles

Diabetes

# Health Inequalities Disparities in (1) ____ remain a major challenge, with millions of people lacking access to essential health services. (2) ____ are disproportionately affected

(1) access to healthcare services (2) Rural and low-income populations

# Health Inequalities Is both a cause and consequence of poor health. It limits access to nutritious food, clean water, and healthcare, exacerbating health outcomes and perpetuating a cycle of poor health and ____

Poverty

# Environmental Issues Is increasingly recognized as a major threat to global health. It exacerbates health problems by increasing the frequency of extreme weather events, altering disease patterns, and contributing to food and water insecurity.

Climate Change

# Environmental Issues Are significant contributors to the global burden of disease, causing millions of premature deaths annually. They contribute to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and other health issues

Air & Water Pollution

# Overview of National Health System The Philippine healthcare system is a mix of (1) ____, with the (2) ____ serving as the central health authority

(1) public and private providers (2) Department of Health (DOH)

# Overview of the National Health System The ____ is designed to be accessible to all Filipinos, with services delivered through a network of health centers, rural health units, and hospitals

public health system

# Overview of the National Health System The country has implemented a ____, aiming to provide comprehensive health services to all citizens, ensuring equitable access to quality healthcare services

Universal Healthcare Law (Republic Act No. 11223)

# Key Health Agencies Is responsible for developing national health policies, programs, and regulations. It also oversees the implementation of health services and works to ensure the safety and efficacy of medical products and services

Department of Health (DOH)

# Key Health Agencies The leading agency in the research and control of tropical and infectious diseases, playing a key role in managing public health emergencies

Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM)

# Key Health Agencies Administers the National Health Insurance Program, which provides health insurance coverage to all Filipinos, with a focus on expanding coverage to the poor and marginalized

Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth)

# Recent Health Reforms or Policies This landmark legislation aims to provide all Filipinos with access to a comprehensive set of health services, from preventive to curative and rehabilitative care. It strengthens the primary healthcare system, expands the role of local governments in healthcare delivery, and ensures that every Filipino is automatically enrolled in the National Health Insurance Program

Universal Health Care Act (2019)

# Recent Health Reforms or Policies The government has strengthened its immunization efforts, especially in response to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles and polio

National Immunization Program

# Recent Health Reforms or Policies The Philippines implemented various strategies to mitigate the impact of COVID-19, including mass vaccination campaigns, public health safety measures, and the expansion of healthcare infrastructure to manage the surge in cases

COVID-19 Response

# Life Expectancy of the Philippines As of 2024, the life expectancy in the Philippines is approximately (1) ____ years for men and (2) ____ years for women. This reflects ongoing improvements in healthcare but highlights the need for continued focus on addressing health disparities and preventive care

(1) 71.4 years for men (2) 77.2 years for women

# Leading Causes of Death in the Philippines The leading cause of death in the Philippines, contributing to a significant percentage of annual fatalities. Lifestyle factors such as diet and physical inactivity play a major role

Heart Diseases

# Leading Causes of Death in the Philippines Includes various types such as lung, breast, and colorectal variants. Its rates have been rising, necessitating increased efforts in early detection and treatment

Cancer

# Leading Causes of Death in the Philippines ____ and other unintentional injuries are also significant contributors to mortality, emphasizing the need for improved safety measures and accident prevention programs

Road traffic accidents

# Leading Causes of Death in the Philippines Conditions like ____ are prevalent, often linked to smoking and air pollution

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

# Health Disparities (1) ____ centers tend to have more advanced healthcare facilities, specialized services, and healthcare professionals, while (2) ____ often face shortages of medical staff, limited healthcare infrastructure, and longer travel times to access care

(1) Urban (2) rural areas

# Vaccination Coverage While vaccination programs have been effective in reducing the incidence of many preventable diseases, there are still gaps in coverage due to factors such as ____, ____, and ____ to healthcare

vaccine hesitancy, logistical challenges, and inconsistent access to healthcare

Is an increasingly prominent issue in the Philippines, with rising cases of depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders

Mental Health

# Mental Health Issues The ____ aims to address these issues by integrating mental health services into the primary healthcare system and promoting mental health awareness

Mental Health Act of 2018

The ____ in the Philippines is a growing concern, particularly for those without adequate health insurance

cost of healthcare

# Rising Healthcare Costs While the (1) ____ aims to alleviate some of these costs by expanding PhilHealth coverage, out-of-pocket expenses remain high, especially for (2) ____ and ____

(1) Universal Health Care (UHC) Law (2) specialized care and chronic disease management

# Rising Healthcare Costs The financial burden of healthcare can lead to ____ and ____

delayed treatment and poorer health outcomes

# Infectious Disease Outbreaks The Philippines continues to battle outbreaks of infectious diseases such as ____, ____, and ____

measles, dengue, and polio

# Similar Health Challenges Both GLOBAL and NATIONAL health systems face challenges related to (1) ____, such as hypertension and diabetes, and the rising burden of (2) ____

(1) chronic diseases (2) non-communicable diseases

# Similar Health Challenges Are common issues, with both GLOBAL and NATIONAL contexts experiencing challenges related to access to healthcare and disease prevention

Infectious Diseases and Health Disparities

# Differnces in Health Challenges While (1) ____ are still a major concern in many low-income countries globally, high-income countries and the Philippines face a growing burden of (2) ____

(1) infectious diseases (2) non-communicable diseases

# Differences in Health Challenges Global disparities in ____ can be more pronounced in lower-income countries compared to the Philippines, which, despite challenges, has a relatively more developed healthcare infrastructure

healthcare access

# Influence of Global Trends on National Health Policies Influence national policies by highlighting emerging health threats and successful interventions

Global Health Trends

# Influence of Global Trends on National Health Policies International health statistics and trends can drive ____ and ____, ensuring that local health systems address both global and specific national health needs

national health priorities and resource allocation

Play a critical role in delivering primary care, managing chronic diseases, and providing preventive care

Nurses - Primary Care Providers

# Nurses They are often the ____ for patients and can help bridge gaps in the healthcare system

first point of contact

# Implications for Community Health Nursing Nurses educate individuals and communities about health issues, disease prevention, and healthy lifestyles. They address both global health issues, like chronic disease management, and national challenges, such as vaccination coverage and maternal health

Health Educators

# Implications for Community Health Nursing Nurses advocate for ____, addressing disparities in health outcomes and working towards improving access for underserved populations

equitable access to healthcare services

# Implications for Community Health Nursing Conduct thorough (1) ____ to identify health needs and priorities. Use data from (2) ____ to guide intervention planning

(1) community assessments (2) health surveys and community feedback

# Implications for Community Health Nursing Collaborate with other ____, ____, and ____ to design and execute health interventions

healthcare professionals, community organizations, and government agencies

# Implications for Community Health Nursing Utilize a ____ to address complex health issues

multidisciplinary approach

# Implications for Community Health Nursing Advocate for policies and programs that improve ____ and address ____

health outcomes and address social determinants of health

# Implications for Community Health Nursing Promote ____ that address major health challenges, such as non-communicable diseases and infectious disease prevention.

public health initiatives

# Resources and Tools for Community Health Nurses Provides comprehensive global health statistics, reports, and research data. Key resource for understanding international health trends and accessing data on various health indicators

WHO Health Data Repository

# Resources and Tools for Community Health Nurses Offers detailed reports on national health trends, including statistics on disease prevalence, health behaviors, and health outcomes in the U.S. Useful for understanding national health issues and informing local practice

CDC’s National Health Statistics Reports

# Resources and Tools for Community Health Nurses Provides region-specific health information, resources, and guidelines. Includes data on local health concerns, community health programs, and public health initiatives

Local Health Department Resources

# Resources and Tools for Community Health Nurses Access to a range of databases with articles, research, and evidence-based practice guidelines in community health nursing. Essential for staying updated with the latest research and best practices

Online Databases for Community Health Nursing | Ex. PubMed, CINAHL, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)

# Importance of Understanding Health Situations Provides insight into local health challenges and the effectiveness of national health programs and policies

National Perspective

# Importance of Understanding Health Situations Enables nurses to recognize and address international health issues that could impact local health policies and practices

Global Perspective