8. Attention and Cognitive control Flashcards
Perceptual load reduces ____
Distraction
In the response competition flanker task, participants were asked to remember digits during each trial. What were the two different conditions?
1. L____ c____ l____ (__ digit)
2. H____ c____ l____ (__ digits)
- Low cognitive load (1 digit)
- High cognitive load (6 digits)
Distractor interference ____ under high cognitive load
increased
Cognitive load increases interference from c____ s____ distractor
Colour singleton
Perceptual load r____ distractor processing and i____ inattention blindness
reduces, increases
Cognitive load ____ distractor processing
Increases
Carmel et al (2012) had pts classify names and ignore faces and then gave a surprise test for faces. What were the results?
Low load: __% accuracy in memory test
High load: ~__% accuracy
Low load: Chance level (50%) accuracy in memory test
High load: ~80% accuracy
Visual perceptual load ____ distraction
reduces
Cognitive load ____ distraction
Increases
Different types of load have o____ effects on attention
Opposite
The load theory states that availability of ____ ____ determines whether distractors receive further processing
Perceptual capacity
The load theory states that ____ ____ is required to inhibit any distractors that make it to late selection
Cognitive control
What did pts have to do in the “Operation Span” task?
S____ perform simple m____ and r____ w____
Test r____ of w____
Simultaneously perform simple maths and read words
Test recall of words
What is Operation Span task related to? What is it argued that it assesses?
F____ i____
Assesses e____ of p____ f____
Fluid intelligence
Assesses efficiency of prefrontal functioning
Individuals with low working memory capacity show increased:
1. S____ interference
2. R____ c____ interference
3. “Own n____ break through” in d____ listening
- Stroop
- Response competition
- Name, dichotic (High WM participants detected name 20%, Low WM participants detected name 65%)
Individuals with better cognitive control are ____ distracted
Less
Patients with damage to f____/p____ regions show problems in attention and cognitive control
Frontal/parietal
Attention modulates n____ activation related to p____
Neural, perception
In fMRI spatial cuing studies, there was a visual cortical response to c____ l____ - effect of a____
And a Frontal-parietal activation at time of c____ - mechanisms o____ a____
Visual cortical response to cued location: Effect of attention
Frontal-parietal activation at time of cue: Mechanisms orienting attention
The presence vs absence of singleton distractors is associated with what two things?
1. R____ t____ i____
2. F____ and p____ a____
- Reaction time interference
- Frontal and parietal activation
In fMRI attentional capture tasks, frontal activation negatively predicted b____ i____
Behavioural interference
Incongruent vs congruent distractions are associated with what two things?
1. R____ t____ i____
2. F____ r____ of d____ p____ c____ and a____ c____ c____
- Reaction time interference
- Frontal recruitment
(- Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
- Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC))
People high in anxiety recruited less D____ p____ c____ and A____ C____ C____
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Frontal regions are activated during s____ attention
Sustained
Mind-wandering positively relates to e____ t____-i____ d____ as well as f____ of s____ a____
External task-irrelevant distraction
As well as failures of sustained attention
Some frontal regions are involved in what two things, making it challenging to study attentional control of mind-wandering?
1. A____ c____
2. G____ t____-u____ t____
- Attentional control
- Generating task-unrelated thought
Kane et al (2007) found high working memory capacity associated with reduced m____-w____ during attentionally d____ tasks
mind-wandering, demanding
Levinson et al (2012) found high working memory capacity was associated with i____ mind-wandering during l____ p____ l____ response competition task
Increased, low perceptual load
