16. Hacking Your Memory Flashcards
Students multitasking on a laptop during class may learn __% less
11% less
Using a laptop in class may affect c____ of s____ near you
Comprehension, students
Taking notes on a laptop is f____ but encourages v____ notes rather than s____ - this is ‘s____’ processing
faster, verbatim, summary, shallow
Note-taking is useful in preventing m____-w____
Mind-wandering
Fill in the gaps about what note-taking is for:
1. Promote d____ and e____ e____ of the material
2. Provide e____ s____ of information that is in the lecture but not on the slides
3. …Processing and adding this s____ material can also help the e____ e____
4. Good notes can s____ later study and r____
- deep, elaborative encoding
- external storage
- surrounding, elaborative encoding
- support, revision
What is a mnemonic?
A____ relating i____ material to e____ k____
Actively relating incoming material to existing knowledge
Mnemonics are a d____ strategy
deliberate
Define elaborative interrogation
G____ an e____ of why an e____ stated f____ or c____ is t____
Generating an explanation why why an explicitly stated fact or concept is true
Define self-explanation
Explaining how n____ information is related to k____ information, or e____ steps taken during p____ s____
Explaining how new information is related to known information, or explaining steps taken during problem solving
Define Keyword mnemonic
Using k____ and mental i____ to associate v____ materials
Using keywords and mental imagery to associate verbal materials
Elaboration depends on what?
Your understanding (your prior knowledge)
Fill in the gaps about Kesteren et al. (2018) study of schemas in education.
1. Memory better for inferred B-C pairing if s____-c____
2. People’s judgments of what they would remember depended on r____ but not s____
3. People were partially right, but u____ the importance of p____ k____
- schema-congruent
- reactivation, schemas
- underestimated, prior knowledge
Memory cues can be e____ or s____-g____
external, self-generated
What is elaboration in relation to self-generated cues?
A____ relating i____ info to your p____ knowledge. WOrks partly by s____ p____
Actively relating incoming info to your prior knowledge. Works partly by semantic processing.
During elaboration, you create cues for later that connect with your p____ k____ and c____ c____
Your personal knowledge and cognitive context
For conceptually related MCQs and conceptually related short answers, q____ is better than s____
Quizzing (ie testing) is better than studying
I____ at the time of revision does not seem to impact l____-t____ r____
Imagery, long-term retention
Revisiting information after a break helps memory. What is this called?
S____ l____
Spaced learning
Conway et al (1997) tested psychology students immediately after a lecture course and in a delayed test. Fill in the gaps about the results:
1. Immediately after lectures, better performing students r____ f____ in a p____ lecture
2. At delayed test, they k____ the f____ rather than r____ the lecture
3. Suggests a shift from Episodic to Semantic Memory and g____ beyond i____ c____
- ‘Remembered facts in a particular lecture’
- ‘Knew the Facts’ rather than ‘Remembered the lecture’
- generalisation beyond initial context
Episodic memories become s____ over time
Semanticised
R____ r____ of info helps retention in long term
Repeated retrieval
