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A&P 1 > brain and spinal cord > Flashcards

brain and spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

5 parts of the brain

A
  1. ventricles
  2. cerebrum
  3. diencephalon
  4. brain stem
  5. cerebellum
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2
Q

ventricles

  1. are what
  2. filled with what
  3. lined with what
A
  1. cavities w/in the brain
  2. filled w/ cerebrospinal fluid
  3. lined w/ ependymal cells
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3
Q

how many ventricles and the names of each

A

4 ventricles total

2 lateral ventricles

3rd ventricle

4th ventricle

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4
Q

what is the 4th ventricle connected to

A

central canal of the spinal cord

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5
Q

4 functions of cerebrospinal fluid

A
  1. float brain
  2. remove waste from central nervous system
  3. carry nutrients
  4. absorb shock if head gets hit
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6
Q

what is the flow cycle of cerebrospinal fluid

A

flows from 4th ventricle of brain into spinal cord then out of the bottom of the spinal cord then up and around the surface of the spinal cord and brain then absorbed into blood vessels on the surface of the brain

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7
Q

gyri are what

A

bumps on the surface of the cerebrum

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8
Q

sulci are what

A

grooves between the gyri

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9
Q

fissures are what

A

deep grooves in the cerebrum

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10
Q

3 parts of cerebrum

A
  1. cerebral cortex
  2. cerebral white matter
  3. basal nuclei
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11
Q

cerebral cortex is what and made of what

A

superficial region of cerebrum made of gray matter

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12
Q

cerebral cortex is divided in what 2 ways

A
  1. lobes
  2. functional areas
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13
Q

4 lobes of the cerebral cortex

A
  1. frontal lobe
  2. parietal lobe
  3. temporal lobe
  4. occipital lobe
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14
Q

3 functional areas of cerebral cortex and what each one’s neurons are wired to

A
  1. motor areas wired to skeletal muscles
  2. sensory areas wired to sensory receptors
  3. association areas wired to sensory areas
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15
Q

2 areas w/in the cerebral cortex motor area

A
  1. primary motor area
  2. Broca’s speech area
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16
Q

primary motor area

  1. location
  2. wired to what
A
  1. precentral gyrus
  2. wired to motor unit neurons
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17
Q

Broca’s sppech area

  1. location
  2. it’s neurons are wired to what other neurons
  3. controls what
A
  1. left hemisphere of frontal lobe
  2. neurons wired to primary motor area neurons
  3. controls skeletal muscles involved in speech
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18
Q

sensory area 1: primary somatosensory cortex

  1. location
  2. senses what 4 things
A
  1. post central gyrus
  2. touch, pain, temperature, proprioception
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19
Q

sensory area 2: primary visual cortex

  1. location
  2. senses what
A
  1. occipital lobe
  2. vision
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20
Q

sensory area 3: primary auditory cortex

  1. location
  2. senses what
A
  1. temporal lobe
  2. hearing
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21
Q

sensory area 4: primary olfactory cortex

  1. location
  2. senses what
A
  1. temporal lobe
  2. smell
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22
Q

sensory area 5: primary gustatory cortex

  1. location
  2. senses what
A
  1. temporal lobe
  2. taste
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23
Q

3 association areas functions

A
  1. interpretation of senses
  2. memories of sensations
  3. emotions about sensations
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24
Q

non-fluent aphasia

  1. damage to what area
  2. symptoms
A
  1. damage to Broca’s speech area
  2. patient understands language but can’t speak
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25
Q

fluent aphasia

  1. damage to what area
  2. sympotoms
A
  1. damage to auditory association area
  2. patient doesn’t understand language-can only speak jibberish
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26
Q

cerebral white matter tracts

  1. location
  2. made of what
  3. or made of this
A
  1. deep to the cerebral cortex
  2. tracts of cerebral cortex neurons
  3. neurons that synapse w/ cerebral cortex
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27
Q

nerves

A

bundles of myelinated axons in PNS

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28
Q

nucleus/nuclei

A

pocket(s) of gray matter in CNS

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29
Q

ganglion/ganglia

A

pocket(s) of gray matter in PNS

30
Q

basal nuclei

  1. location
  2. two functions
  3. wired to what 2 areas
A
  1. deep in cerebrum
  2. initiate/terminate thoughts/body movements and gives rise to emotions
  3. wired to motor and association areas
31
Q

diencephalon

  1. location
  2. list its 3 parts
A
  1. central core of brain
  2. thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
32
Q

thalamus

  1. location
  2. made of what
  3. looks like
  4. two functions
  5. wired to what
A
  1. central region of diencephalon
  2. made of nuclei
  3. two eggs fused together
  4. relay station for sensory impulses and gives rise to emtions
  5. wired to cerebral cortex
33
Q

hypothalamus

  1. location
  2. made of what
  3. controls what
  4. gives rise to what 4 things
  5. regulates what 2 things
A
  1. below the thalamus
  2. made of gray matter
  3. controls the autonomic nervous system
  4. gives rise to emotions, thirst, hunger, sex drive
  5. regulates body temperature and hydration balance
34
Q

epithalamus

  1. location
  2. made of what
  3. gives rise to what
  4. contains what gland that regulates what
A
  1. above and behind thalamus
  2. gray matter
  3. gives rise to emotions
  4. contains the pineal gland that regulates sleep/wake cycle
35
Q

3 parts of the brain stem

A
  1. midbrain
  2. pons
  3. medulla oblongata
36
Q

3 parts of the midbrain

A
  1. substancia nigra
  2. superior colliculi
  3. inferior colliculi
37
Q

substancia nigra work with what to do what

A

work w/ the basal nuclei to turn on and off impulses for skeletal muscle contraction

38
Q

superior colliculi integrate what when what happens

A

integrate startle reflex when you see an object flying at your head

39
Q

inferior colliculi integrate what when what happens

A

integrate stratle reflex when you hear a sudden loud noise

40
Q

pons involved in control of what

A

uncounscious breathing

41
Q

medulla oblongata 3 functions

A
  1. work w/ pons to control unconscious breathing
  2. controls heart rate and heart’s force of contraction
  3. integrate multiple reflexes (swallowing, vomiting, sneezing, coughing, gagging)
42
Q

cerebellum gives rise to what and explain how

A

gives rise to agility

cerebellum receives impulses from proprioceptors and the primary motor area and compares the one with the other then sends corrective signals to the primary motor area to signal more precise movement

43
Q

limbic system gives rise to what and list it’s 5 parts

A

gives rise to emotions

  1. cerebral cortex
  2. basal nuclei
  3. thalamus
  4. hypothalamus
  5. epithalalmus
44
Q

reticular activating system gives rise to what and explain how

A

gives rise to conscious sensations

string of nuclei in the brain stem made of neurons that synapse w/ axons of sensory neurons passing through the brain stem to the thalamus and ultimately the cerebral cortex sensory areas

45
Q

REM sleep

  1. entered about how many times per night
  2. each session lasts about how long
  3. what 2 things increase
  4. what is inhibited
A
  1. four
  2. thirty minutes
  3. breathing and heart rate increase
  4. skeletal muscle activity
46
Q

spinal cord

  1. length
  2. circumference
  3. ends where
A
  1. eighteen inches
  2. circumference of thumb
  3. ends around L2
47
Q

spinal tap

  1. inserted where
  2. two purposes
A
  1. inserted below L3 or L4
  2. sample cerebrospinal fluid or inject meds
48
Q

dorsal horns contain what kind of neurons

A

sensory neurons

49
Q

lateral horns contain cell bodies of what kind of neurons

A

cell bodies of autonomic nervous system motor neurons

50
Q

ventral horns contain cell bodies of what kind of neurons

A

cell bodies of somatic nervous system motor neurons

51
Q

meninges are what

A

protective coverings of brain and spinal cord

52
Q

dura mater

  1. known as what
  2. describe
  3. location
  4. has what in it
A
  1. tough mother
  2. thick, tough, outer layer
  3. found beneath cranial bones and vertebrae
  4. has large blood vessels
53
Q

arachnoid mater

  1. known as what
  2. resembles what
  3. contains what
  4. site of what
A
  1. spider mother
  2. spider web
  3. contains arachnoid villi
  4. site of cerebrospinal fluid absorption into blood
54
Q

what are arachnoid villi

A

fingerlike structures that stick up into the veins of the dura mater

55
Q

pia mater

  1. known as what
  2. texture
  3. fused to what 2 things
A
  1. delicate mother
  2. thin and shiny
  3. fused to surface of brain and spinal cord
56
Q

cerebrospinal fluid flows between what 2 layers of meninges

A

flows between arachnoid mater and pia mater

57
Q

blood-brain-barrier

what 2 types of chemicals can pass between blood and brain tissue

A

tiny chemicals and hydrophobic chemicals

58
Q

blood-brain barrier

describe the cells that make-up the walls of the capilaries in the brain

A

tightly sealed cells connected via tight junctions

59
Q

blod-brain-barrier

  1. what presses gainst the capillary walls
  2. what is the result
A
  1. astrocytes
  2. plugs leaks
60
Q
A

A. frontal lobe

B. parietal lobe

C. temporal lobe

D. occipital lobe

E. cerebellum

F. brain stem

61
Q
A

A. optic chiasma

B. olfactory bulb

C. optic nerve

D. midbrain

E. pons

F. medulla oblongata

62
Q
A

A. gyrus

B. sulcus

C. fissure

D. precentral gyrus

E. central sulcus

F. postcentral gyrus

G. lateral sulcus

H. transverse cerebral fissure

63
Q
A

A. corpus callosum

B. septum pellucidum

C. thalamus

D. hypothalamus

E. pineal gland

F. arbor vitae

G. choroid plexus located between 4th ventricle and cerebellum

H. cerebral aquaduct

I. superior colliculi

J. inferior colliculi

64
Q
A

A. lateral ventricle

B. third ventricle

C. fourth ventricle

65
Q
A

A. medulla

B.cerebellum

C. occipital lobe

D. temporal lobe

E. parietal lobe

F. frontal lobe

G. olfactory bulb

I. optic chiasma

66
Q
A

A. arbor vitae

B. corpus collosum

C. thalamus

D. pineal gland

E. superior colliculi

F. inferior colliculi

G. pons

H. medulla oblangata

I. spinal cord

J. hypothalamus

K. olfactory bulb

L. midbrain

M. optic chiasma

67
Q
A

A. frontal lobe

B. longitudinal fissure

C. precentral gyrus

D. central sulcus

E. postcentral gyrus

F. parietal lobe

G. occipital lobe

68
Q
A
  1. arbor vitae
  2. superior colliculi and inferior colliculi
  3. pineal gland
  4. cerebral aquaduct
  5. midbrain
  6. fourth ventricle
  7. pons
  8. medulla oblangata
69
Q
A

A. olfactory bulb

B. optic chiasma

C. pons

D. medulla oblangata

70
Q
A

A. cerebrum

B. pineal gland

C. superior colliculi

D. inferior colliculi

E. cerebellum

F. midbrain

A&P 1 (28 decks)

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