7.7 Saponification Flashcards
glycerol = a triol
alcohol with 3 hydroxyl functional groups
naturally occurring esters
fats and oils
what are triglycerides
ester derived from glycerol and 3 fatty acids
unsaturated fatty acids bend or straight?
have kinks, prevent fats from packing tgt closely
what is soap
the sodium or potassium salt of a fatty acid
surfactant meaning
surface active agent
> decreases the surface tension of water
emulsion
dispersion of small droplets of one liquid throughout another
saponification reaction
ester + inorganic base –> alcohol and soap
micelles
loosely bound aggregate of hydrophobic heads towards the centre (greasy core) and hydrophilic ends form the outer shell
what happens when stained clothing is added to soap-water mixture?
long non-polar hydrocarbon tails of soap dissolve in greasy stain through dispersion forces
polar charged head remains at surface of grease, interacts with water molecules through ion-dipole forces
anionic detergent
negatively charged ion attracted to polar water molecule
negatively charged head group
cationic detergent
positively charged head group
non-ionic detergent
hydrogen bonding between oxygen and water molecule
“builders”
decrease [calcium magnesium ions]
eutrophication
increased [phosphate] = algal blooms and dissolved oxygen are consumed by aerobic bacteria
> kills water life
