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HSC CHEM 2024 > 6.3 Quantitative Analysis: Titration > Flashcards

6.3 Quantitative Analysis: Titration Flashcards

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1
Q

what is titration

A

volumetric/quantitative technique to find [unknown] using [known “standard”] in acid-base neutralisation reaction

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2
Q

what is a standard solution

A

solution with a precisely known concentration

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3
Q

what’s a volumetric flask

A

measuring flask

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4
Q

what is the analyte

A

solution in conical flask

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5
Q

what is the aliquot

A

VOLUME of solution in pipette (into conical flask later)

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6
Q

what is a burette

A

long glass tube to deliver solutions

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7
Q

how many d.p. can you read off glassware

A

2 dp

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8
Q

ideal indicators for the titrand

A

phenolphthalein (basic)
methyl orange (acidic)

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9
Q

what is the titrant

A

solution added from burette

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10
Q

what is the titrand

A

leftover titrant

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11
Q

what is the titre

A

VOLUME of solution added from burette

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12
Q

5 steps: how to prepare standard solution from solids

A

(1) distilled water on beaker and rod
(2) weigh solid with beaker
(3) dissolve in water using stirring rod
(4) transfer to solution using volumetric flask
(5) add water and shake

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13
Q

rinse all equipment with distilled water to…

A

get rid of contaminants

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14
Q

pipette and burette are finally rinsed with…

A

liquid they will contain (base in pipette, acid in burette)

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15
Q

assume …sig figs for pipette and flask

A

3

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16
Q

how to see colour change in conical flask easier

A

use white paper underneath

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17
Q

what is a primary standard

A

solution MADE by dissolving accurate solute in solvent

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18
Q

what is secondary standard

A

solution whose concentration is determined by titration against a primary standard

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19
Q

hygroscopic solutions…

A

absorb water
e.g. NaOH, KOH, H2SO4

20
Q

deliquescent solutions…

A

so hygroscopic that they dissolve
e.g. NaOH, CaCl2, MgCl2

21
Q

[X] solutions are not suitable as primary standards because…

A

deliquescent solutions, because they absorb water and are impure, unstable

22
Q

efflorescent solutions…

A

lose water, unstable
e.g. HNaCO3

23
Q

(can/can’t be used?)
(1) anhydrous substance
(2) hydrated substance

A

(1) yes
(2) no (unstable)

24
Q

5 requirements for primary standard

A

pure, accurately known concentration, stable, high molar mass, reasonably soluble

25
Q

hydroscopic meaning

A

absorbs moisture from surroundings = bad as primary standard, unstable

26
Q

if you dilute a solution by 10x, you must…

A

multiply the final concentration by 10x

27
Q

equivalence point vs end point

A

equivalence = (theoretical) exact stoichiometric ratio for neutralisation to occur

end point = (in practice) when the indicator permanently changes colour

28
Q

axes of a titration curve

A

pH against mL of added solution (volume)

29
Q

where is the equivalence point on a titration curve

A

midpoint of period of rapid change in pH

30
Q

indicator used for pH=7

A

bromothymol blue

31
Q

indicator used for strong base

A

phenolphthalein (pH>7)

32
Q

indicator used for strong acid

A

methyl orange (pH<7)

33
Q

(only one/both) solutions must be standard solutions

A

only one

34
Q

weak acid or weak base on a titration curve has… (2)

A

(1) a dip at the start
(2) shorter vertical section

35
Q

on a titration curve, you can deduce the acid/base pHs by looking at…

A

the max and min points

36
Q

equivalence points on a conductivity curve are at…

A

any apex

37
Q

how conductivity curves work

A

there is a measured difference in ionic charges as ions are being replaced in a solution

38
Q

when do we need back titrations

A

(1) when it involves solids
(2) or volatile substances (accuracy due to loss of substance)

39
Q

what are buffers

A

weak acid and conjugate base OR
weak base and conjugate acid

40
Q

what buffers do

A

clean up (neutralise) after added H3O+ or OH- until reaction is neutralised

41
Q

what’s a buffer region

A

left region on a titration curve where the pH of a solution remains constant due to the production of a buffer solution

42
Q

7 strong acids

A
43
Q

7 strong bases

A
44
Q

sea water buffer system

A
45
Q

blood buffer system

A
46
Q

Mohr’s method of back titration

A

HSC CHEM 2024 (30 decks)

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