7.1 Organic Chemistry: Nomenclature

Question 1

hydrocarbon prefix nomenclature
(example: alkanes 1-8)

Answer 1

1. methane
2. ethane
3. propane
4. butane
5. pentane
6. hexane
7. heptane
8. octane

Question 2

how to name alkanes and alkenes

Answer 2

1. count longest connected chain in compound e.g. pentane
2. add alkyl groups e.g. two methyl, to make dimethylpentane
3. assign numbers left to right and find the alkyl locant with a hyphen, each locant separated by commas, e.g. 2,3-dimethylpentane
4. if there are different alkanes/alkenes, add using alphabetical order

Question 3

draw 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane

Answer 3

..

Question 4

single carbon bond compound

Answer 4

~ane

Question 5

double carbon bond compound

Answer 5

~ene

Question 6

triple carbon bond compound

Answer 6

~yne

Question 7

drawing expanded formula

Answer 7

every element on branches

Question 8

drawing condensed formula

Answer 8

every simple compound on branches

Question 9

drawing skeletal structure

Answer 9

all connected by the bond lines, no labels

Question 10

hydrocarbon families are a

Answer 10

homologous series

Question 11

alkanes are

Answer 11

saturated hydrocarbons
C(n) H(2n+2)

Question 12

saturated hydrocarbons are compounds that…

Answer 12

contains only C and H and single C-C bonds

Question 13

straight (unbranched) chained alkanes

Answer 13

made up of Cs surrounded by Hs

Question 14

branched chain alkanes

Answer 14

chained alkanes but with one or more branches

Question 15

cycloalkanes (ring molecules)

Answer 15

carbons in a circle with H stemming out

Question 16

alkenes are

Answer 16

unsaturated hydrocarbons
C(n) H(2n)

Question 17

unsaturated hydrocarbons are compounds that…

Answer 17

contain C and H and double C=C bond

Question 18

alkynes are

Answer 18

unsaturated hydrocarbons
C(n) H(2n-2)

can react to incorporate more atoms

Question 19

double or triple bonds are functional groups. draw:

Answer 19

pent-1-ene
pent-2-ene

3-methyl-2-pentyne

Question 20

structural isomers have…

Answer 20

same molecular formula
different structural formula

Question 21

chain isomers are…

Answer 21

rearrangement of the chain with more than one alkyl group (hydrocarbon branch)

Question 22

3 types of isomerism

Answer 22

1. chain (moving branches)
2. position (moving functional group)
3. functional (different functional groups, like from alkene to alkane)

Question 23

distinguishing characteristic of homologous series:

Answer 23

can be represented by one general molecular formula