6.3 Quantitative Analysis

Question 1

what is ionisation

Answer 1

chemical change of molecule to become ion

Question 2

most naturally occurring acids are organic that contains ___ group

Answer 2

COOH (carboxyl)

Question 3

equilibrium of strong acid equation

Answer 3

right (ionises completely)

Question 4

equilibrium of weak acid equation

Answer 4

left (majority still molecules)

Question 5

polyprotic acids…

Answer 5

have more than 2 dissociable protons that undergo stepwise ionisation

multiple hydrogen ions in the acid

Question 6

degree of ionisation =

Answer 6

[H3O+] / [HA] x 100%

Question 7

ionisation constant equation

Answer 7

Ka = [H3O+][A-] / [HA]

Question 8

what is ionisation constant

Answer 8

strength of an acid

Question 9

a strong acid has Ka…
a weak acid has Ka…

Answer 9

strong, Ka >1
weak, Ka <0.01

Question 10

relative strength of acids equation

Answer 10

pKa = -log10 (Ka)

Question 11

lower pKa means…
higher pKa means…

Answer 11

lower pKa = stronger acid
higher pKa = weaker acid

(basically inverted Ka)

Question 12

which hydrogen ion does formic acid donate HCOOH

Answer 12

from the back. HCOO-

Question 13

strength vs concentration

Answer 13

strength (strong or weak) is DEGREE OF IONISATION

concentration (concentrated or dilute) is relative to AMT OF WATER PRESENT

Question 14

electrical conductivity of acids and bases

Answer 14

strong acids and strong bases make good electrolytes

Question 15

4 strong acids

Answer 15

HCl, HBr, HNO3, H2SO4

Question 16

the more dilute a weak acid, the …… the %ionisation

Answer 16

greater

Question 17

strong bases…

Answer 17

dissociate completely

Question 18

base dissociation constant Kb equation

Answer 18

Kb = [BH+] [OH-] / [B]

Question 19

(ionic product of water) Kw =

Answer 19

Ka x Kb

Question 20

self ionisation of water equilibrium

Answer 20

2H2O <> H3O+ + OH-

Question 21

self ionisation of water constant

Answer 21

Kw = [H3O+] [OH-]

Question 22

what is hydrolysis

Answer 22

when solid reacts with water and alters pH of solution

Question 23

as temperature goes down, pH of neutral water …

Answer 23

pH goes down (more acidic)

Question 24

STRONG acid + STRONG base =

Answer 24

NEUTRAL salt solution
pH = 7

Question 25

hydrolysis equation

Answer 25

XA(s) -> X+(aq) + A-(aq)

Question 26

hydrolysis doesn’t occur for…

Answer 26

species without hydrogen

Question 27

WEAK acid + STRONG base =

Answer 27

BASIC salt solution
pH > 7

Question 28

STRONG acid + WEAK base =

Answer 28

ACIDIC salt solution
pH < 7

Question 29

WEAK acid + WEAK base =

Answer 29

NEUTRAL salt solution
pH = 7

both dissociated ions can undergo hydrolysis

Question 30

if Ka = Kb then

Answer 30

neutral salt solution

Question 31

if Ka > Kb then

Answer 31

acidic salt solution

Question 32

if Kb > Ka then

Answer 32

basic salt solution

Question 33

in hydrolysis reaction, H2O reacts with… (2)

Answer 33

acidic cations, and
basic anions