73 - Dysuria, 75 - Haematuria Flashcards
How do cephlasporins work? Eg?
inhibit cell wall synthesis
Ceftriaxone
How do macrolides work Eg?
inhibit protein synthesis
erythromycin
How does trimethoprim work
inhibits folate synthesis
How does nitrofurantoin work?
DNA damage
Eg of
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
gentamicin
How do beta lactams work? Eg?
inhibit cell wall synthesis
carbapenem
Sx of UTI
Fever, flank pain if upper. Lower: dysuria, frequency, haematuria, cloudy urine, offensive smell,
Usual cause of UTI
E Coli. Staph saprophyticus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Candia,
Rfs UTI
age, T2DM, sex, obesity, FHx, anatomical abnormality, catheters
Dx UTI
Clinical + dip
culture if unsure
2 abx usually used for UTI
Which if preggaz ?
trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin.
nitro - doesnt affect folate
Mx chlamydia/ gonn
azithromycin 1g
Usual Abx of prostatitis
ciprofloxacin
What is hypospadias?
urinary tract opens away from tip of penis.
Urine dip What do these things indicate? Leukocytes? nitrites? protein?
Leukocytes: WBCs, usually indicate infection.
Nitrites: product of capsular bacteria. Less specific test for infection
Protein: indicate damage to glomerular capsule
What is specific gravity of urine
basically just the concentration
What can ketones in urine mean?
DKA, DM and hyperemesis gravidarum
DDx haematuria? What medications can change colour ?
UTI, renal stones, PKD, BPH, trauma, malignancy, TB, schistosomiasis, sickle cell, glomerulonephritis, marching haematuria, IgA nephropathy, Alports, trauma, prostatitis, PNH,
Beetroots, menses and certain medications such as phenytoin and rifampicin can stain the urine red also.
What is rhabdomyolysis? Sx?
Breakdown of skeletal muscle produces tea coloured urine, muscle pain, weakness, nausea, vomiting and confusion.
Rhabdomyolysis ->?
arrhythmias and AKI due to electrolyte constituents in blood.
Causes of rhabdomyolysis
drugs, heat stroke, toxins, infections, exercise, DIC, compartment syndrome.
Mx rhabdo
IV fluids
UandEs
haemofiltration if needed
