38 - baldness, 39 skin rash, 40 ulcers Flashcards
Causes of hair loss?
Male pattern hair loss - genetic Female pattern hair loss - idiopathic Alopecia – autoimmune Fungal infection Radiation SLE - autoimmune HIV/AIDS Chemotherapy - drugs Trichotillomania - Psychogenic
drug mx of male pattern balding
Drug treatment is not available on the NHS: minoxidil or finasteride
natural hx of alopecia
Autoimmune disease where hair is lost from the body, typically the scalp.
Can be scarring or non-scarring.
Small bald patches which are usually round.
Triggered by stress.
Usually spontaneously regresses
mx of alopecia
Investigate for other autoimmune disorders
Refer to dermatology for topical steroids and further treatment.
Infected causes of childhood widespread exanthemata
1st: measles 2nd : Scarlet fever (strep pyogenes) 3rd : rubella 5th : parvovirus B19 6th : roseola infantum (HHV6-7)
Other exanthema: chickenpox, mumps, tick borne illness, VHF,
Some skin manifestations of systemic diseases
Erthyema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum in IBD
Acanthosis nigrans, dermatophytosis and necrobiosis lipoidica in DM
Kaposi sarcoma in AIDS
Jaundice and pruritus in liver disease
Scurvy in vitamin D
Where do venous ulcers usually occur / why?
painful?
Other features that accompany locally?
Poorly functioning venous valves typically developing on the medial distal leg.
Yes - Painful.
capillary dilation, oedema and pigment loss
Mx of venous ulcers?
complications?
Compression stockings and elevation.
May develop gangrene or cellulitis.
Cause of arterial ulcers? where are they usually?
Appearance?
peripheral arterial disease
lateral leg over bony prominences
Punched out
mx of arterial ulcers
do not compress
Restore blood flow with surgery + debridement
Rfs for pressure sores? What scoring system can be used to assess risk?
: care homes, loss of sensation, nutritional deficiency, cognitive impairment.
waterlow score
