7.2 The events and outcome of the 1905 revolution Flashcards
When was Bloody Sunday?
9th January 1905
What triggered Bloody Sunday (1905)? (4 (2 dated events))
- 20th December after a long siege in Port Arthur Russian forces conceded to Japan. This was humiliating and adding to growing discontent
- 3rd January 1905 a strike began at the Putilov Iron Works, 150k workers
- Economic and political grievances culminated
- Father Gapon’s TU, which had previously been accepted by the Tsar’s government, decided to strike and walk towards the Winter Palace
Where was the Tsar during the Bloody Sunday (1905) protest?
Nicholas chose to spend the weekend at Tsarskoe Selo
How was the Bloody Sunday (1905) protest broken up?
Key attacks x2
12k troupes vs 150k people
Narva Gates; 40 dead and 100’s wounded
Troitskya Square; 150 dead and wounded
What was the Tsar Nicholas II’s reaction to the Bloody Sunday (1905) protest?
The Tsar did not want to discuss the event with workers’ representatives until the assassination of his Uncle Grand Duke Sergei.
- He finally met with workers on the 4th of February
When did the Tsar finally meet with workers’ representatives and how did he react?
4th February 1905
- Did not react well as he said the workers had been badly advised and that they should return to work only inflaming sentiments
- Dismissed Mirsky (Minister of Interior) and replaced him with two more hardline officials (Bulygin as minister for Internal affairs and Trepov as Military governor of St Petersburg)
What did the Tsar do politically after Bloody Sunday?
Dismissed Mirsky (Minister of Interior) and replaced him with two more hardline officials
- Buygin as Minister for Internal affairs
- Trepov as Military governor of St Petersburg
What was the mutiny on the Battleship Potemkin + when?
14th June 1905 On a Russian Black Sea ship
- Mutiny began over moldy meat rations
- 7 officers killed
- Sailors hoisted a red revolutionary flag and sailed to Odessa where they placed the body of a dead sailor at the bottom of the steps between the city and harbour
- Townsfolk arrived to show solidarity alongside the sailors, the military fired on them
- Many jumped into the sea
- 2000 killed
- 3000 wounded
What are key events in the Russo-Japanese war during 1904/5?
(Starts with Surrender - Treaty)
December x1
February x1
May x1
August x1
Dec 20th - Russians surrender to Japanese at Port Arthur
Feb 9th-25th - Battle of Mudken, Russian army defeated and 90k killed
May 14th-15th - Russian Baltic fleet sunk in Tsushima strait by Japanese
August 23rd - Treaty of Portsmouth ends the war, Russia concedes territory (though less than Japan had demanded)
Key events in Russia 1904/1905
January x2 (important strikes) Feb x2 (more to do with Tsar) March x1 (Meeting in Moscow) May x1 (Special TU's) June x2 (TU plans / important strike) July x1 (government reaction to opposition) Sept x2 (Tu reaction to proposed reform)
Jan 3rd - Strike at Putilov Iron works
Jan 9th - Bloody Sunday
Feb 4th - Assassination of Grand Duke Sergei (uncle of Tsar) by Socialist revolutionary
Feb 18th - Tsar reaffirms his faith in autocratic power but promises an elective constitutive assembly
Mar - Zemstvo representatives meet in Moscow
Apr - All-Russian Union of Railyway Workers is established amongst other illegal TU’s
May 8th-9th - ‘Union of Unions’ is created demanding full civil and political rights. Peasants’s congress in Moscow called for All-Russian Union of Peasants
Jun 2nd - Congress of Union of Unions prepares for a general strike
Jun 14th Mutiny on Battleship Potemkin
Jul - 24th Bulygin (Minister for Internal affairs who replaced Mirsky) publishes plans for constitutional reforms
Sept 12th-15th - Zemstvo conference rejects Bulygin’s proposal demanding for a Duma elected by all
Sept 29th Printers’ strike sets of wave of strike in Moscow
What was the October Manifesto? (Date + 3 key promises)
17th October 1905 Tsar agreed to sign a decree promising constitutional reforms
- Civic freedom (personal rights and freedom of speech/assembly/union)
- Establish a state Duma so all could have a voice
- Give the Duma state power to approve laws
Why was the October Manifesto created? (2)
- By October 1905 the Russian Empire was on the brink with strikes and demonstrations that were widespread and there were demands for independence from Poles, Finns, Latvians ect.
- A St Petersburg Soviet was created to direct a General Strike which was to begin in October 1905
What was government / Tsar’s uncles reaction to the state of Russia by 1905? (3)
- Witte Chairman of Council of Ministers warned that the country was on the verge of revolution that would ‘sweep away a thousand years of history’
- Trepov Military governor of St Petersburg, declared a need to reform
- Grand Duke Romanov repeatedly threatened to shoot himself unless reforms were created
When was the October Manifesto issued?
17th October 1905
What was the publics reaction to the announcement of the October Manifesto? (2x positive / 2x negative)
Positive
- Celebrations on the street with singing of ‘La Marseillaise’ (revolutionary anthem)
- General strike was called off
Negative
- ‘We have been granted a constitution yet autocracy remains We have been granted everything, and yet we have been granted nothing’
- To many it was clear that Tsar Nicholas had no intention of relinquishing autocratic power
