5.3 Radical opposition Flashcards
Who were key radical thinkers and what did they do / believe?
- Herzen advocated for peasants social structure and 1869 called followers to ‘go to the people’
- Chernyshevsky wanted peasants to be leaders, wrote ‘The Contemporary’ radical journal in 1862
- Bakunin wanted collective ownership. Introduced Marxism to Russia through the translation of Communist manifesto in 1869
Who were the radical opposition?
They were largely the younger more educated generation who wanted more change than their parents had acheieved
Who was blamed for a series of fires that burnt over 2,000 shops?
‘Young Russia’ - known to be the young people in demand for change
What were ‘Young Russia’ blamed for?
A series of fires that burnt over 2,000 shops
Who was Herzen?
- Herzen advocated for peasants social structure
- 1869 called followers to ‘go to the people’
- Published radical journal ‘The Bell’ which was illegally smuggled into Russia
Who was Chernyshevsky?
- Chernyshevsky wanted peasants to be leaders
- 1862 wrote ‘The Contemporary’ radical journal whilst in prison
Who was Bakunin
- Bakunin wanted collective ownership
- Introduced Marxism to Russia through the translation of Communist manifesto in 1869
- Fled from Russia after the assassination of the Tsar returning in 1871 (left again after the murder of one of his student who voiced controversial views)
What was the Tchaikovsky circle?
- Radical opposition group who organised the printing of revolutionary documents
- 1872 organised workers with the intention of sending them to the country
- No more than 100 in major cities
What were the Narodniks?
++ leaders name?
- Narodniks thought the future of Russia was within the development of peasant communes.
- Tried to take advantage of the residual hostility from the Emancipation and 49 year repayments
- 1874 2,000 young people sent to the countryside
- Tried again in 1876 but led to more arrests and show trials in 1877-78
- Peasants had a deep rooted loyalty to the Tsar which led to denouncements and 1.6k arrests
++ Pyor Lavrov
What was the aim of the Narodniks in the 1870’s and how effective was it? (+dates)
- 1874 2,000 young people sent to the countryside
- Tried again in 1876 but led to more arrests and show trials in 1877-78
- Peasants had a deep rooted loyalty to the Tsar which led to denouncements and 1.6k arrests = not very effective
YET IN THE LONG RUN it helped take radical opposition from the underground meeting rooms leading it towards the countryside. This made the government aware of opponents and their reach
In what year did Land and Liberty split and what were the names of the two groups?
1879
- Black repartition, non violent
- The People’s Will, violent
What were the People’s will group (led by Mikhailov) able to do?
- They were able to get a spy into the 3rd section (secret police force)
- 1879 declared that the Tsar had to be removed and he was assassinated on the 1st March 1881
Who was the People’s will group led by?
Aleksander Mikhailov
What was Land and Liberty? x3
- Established in 1877 continued populist traditions, members sought work within peasant communes as teachers and doctors ect but less obtrusive than predecessors
- Some carried out political assassinations like of General Mezemstev, head of the 3rd section in 1878
- Talks between Zemtvo and group to try and place pressure on the autocracy for constitutional reform
What did Dmitry Milyutin Minister of War think about the Land and Liberty’s demand for constitutional reform?
‘it must be acknowledged that our entire government structure demands basic reform from top to bottom… I am convinced that the present leaders in government are powerless ‘
