4.2 Anti-Semitism Flashcards
Which group of ethnic minority was persecuted most and why?
Jewish people suffered most as they had a distinct ethnic and religious background
What was the pale of settlement and when was it created?
- Created in 1791, much of present-day Lithuania, Belarus, Poland Ukraine..
- 20% of European Russia, a limited amount of Jews could live outside of the Pale
What did Pobedonostsev say about Jewish people? (2)
‘Beat the Yids – Save Russia’
‘one third should emigrate, one third die, and one third assimilate’
What had treatment towards the Jews been under Alexander II?
Alexander II’s reign most anti-Semitism was amongst the poor
Alexander II had allowed some rich jews to live outside of the Pale until the polish revolt
When were the Jewish Pogroms?
1881 - 1884
What happened in the Jewish pogroms? (2)
- Holy League organisation helped coordinate first attacks - easy as they were concentrated in the pale (it was banned in 1882)
- Many fled, 16 major cities affected, properties burnt, shops and businesses destroyed + rape and murder.
What were the May laws and what couldn’t Jews do as a result?
- Added to discrimination against Jews
- Couldn’t settle outside cities of less than 10,000 people, exception made to Jewish villages already in existence,
- Couldn’t rent or buy property
- Couldn’t run businesses on Sundays/ Christian holidays
Key examples of Anti-Semitic legislation
1882 - 1892
1882 - Only a certain amount of Jewish doctors in the army as they were given the same rights as army officers
1887 - quota % of Jews that could go to university 10% max in pale, 3% in capital
1892 - Couldn’t vote in local elections or couldn’t run
What was the impact of anti-semitism? (4)
- Many Jews fled the country voluntarily
- Many were expelled for example from Kiev in 1886.
- 1890 Foreign Jews were deported from Russia alongside Russian Jews who had settled outside the Pale.
- Jews that remained in Russia were drawn to revolutionary, in particular, Marxist groups
