23.1 Opposition from cultural dissidents Flashcards
What were the key forms of cultural dissidence? (5)
- Publishing
- Poetry
- Magazines
- Music
- Art
How was PUBLISHING used as a form of cultural dissidence in Russia during the 1960’s under Khrushchev?
+ How did it spread?
- Favoured medium for political expression
- To avoid soviet censorship some published abroad like Dr Zhivago
- Samizdat where individuals reproduced illegal works and was v high risk
+ It spread through underground communities like ‘The youngest society of Geniuses’ established in 1960’s
What was Samizdat?
Where individuals reproduced illegal works and was v high risk
How was POETRY used as a form of cultural dissidence in Russia during the 1960’s under Khrushchev?
+ What happened to regulars in 1961?
- 29th June 1958 a monument of Mayakovsky satirical poet vs Stalin was unveiled in Moscow
- This led to random poetry readings becoming very popular and regular
+ In 1961 some regulars were arrested for political subversion like Vladimir Bukovsky who lost his University place
How were MAGAZINES used as a form of cultural dissidence in Russia during the 1960’s under Khrushchev?
(examples using people’s names x3)
+ How did the state try to limit its impact?
- Alexander Ginzburg publisher of poetry magazine Syntaxis sent to labour camps on 3 occasions between 1961-69 for exposing abuses of human rights
- Vladimir Osipov, editor of Boomerang and Phoenix. In November 1962 famous for publication of One day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
- Joseph Brodsky was made Nobel Laureate in 1987 exiled in 1963
+ 130k prevented employment by state, sent to labour camps or mental hospitals to prevent sharing of unwanted materials
How was MUSIC used as a form of cultural dissidence in Russia during the 1960’s under Khrushchev?
+ Famous musician who wrote song about free discussions in Moscow
- Writers used Samizdat to publish their music or illegal recordings. This allowed tapes to be assed underground and share new styles and lyrics like Jazz which originated from Western Culture
- Yuliy Kim was typical writing song ‘Moscow Kitchens’
How was ART used as a form of cultural dissidence in Russia during the 1960’s under Khrushchev?
(examples of people or groups of artists x2)
+ how did Art show the limitations of the ‘cultural thaw’
++ Were artists more or less susceptible to legal persecution?
- Oleg Vassiliev and Ilya Kabakov worked as children’s book illustrators whilst doing underground work
- ‘Sretensky Boulevard Group’ was created under Erik Bulatov met and discussed their work
+ The limitations of the thaw after WWW2 became apparent in 1962 when Khrushchev attended the Manezh Art Exhibition which was displaying works by some dissident painters. An argument arose - this triggered the painters even more
++ Artists were largely able to escape persecution due to also having legal work
