64. tarsal Flashcards
How many bones make up the tarsus
7 which form 3 irregular rowsTalus (articulates, medial)Calcaneus (laterally)Central tarsal bone–2nd row4th tarsal bone, 1-3 tarsal bones
Three parts to the talus bone
Three parts of the talus bone1. trochlea– articulates w tibia2. Head– articulates w central tarsal bone 3. Neck
Three components of the medial collateral ligament of the tarsus
Long–tight in extension, loose in flexionShort tibiocentral–tight in extension, loose in flexion***Short tibiotalar–tight in flexion, loose in extension, most substantial
Lateral collateral ligament of the tarsus
Fibular lateral malleolus originLong–tight in extension, loose in flexionShort calcaneofibular–tight in extension, loose in flexion*****Short talofibular– tight in flexion
Blood supply of the talus
Lateral, dorsal dorsal pedal arteryEventually dorsal pedal artery becomes dorsal metatarsal arteryMedial, plantarplantar branches of the saphenous artery
5 types of central tarsal bone fractures
I. nondisplaced dorsal slab fractureII. Displaced dorsal slab fractureIII. Large displaced medial fragmentIV. Medial and dorsal slab fracture****V. Comminuted
Tarsocrural luxation follows what three types of injury
–Malleolar fx–Collateral ligament rupture –Shearing injury
Reduction of malleolar fractures
Pin and tension band (small pins and heavy wire)Lag screwssecure to distal tibiaFx of malleolus heal more readily and w a better prognosis than collateral ligament rupture
Ligament rupture stabilization for tarsocrural luxation
Grade 3 sprain injury or avulsionsMethods of repair1. Attach ligament to tibia or fibula using small pin or screw or bone tunnel to pass suture through ligament and bone if avulsed 2. Primary repair (locking loop) +/- augmentation with internal splint3. prosthetic ligament repair( bone anchors, screws and washers, transosseous tunnels at anchor points or monofilament wire or nylon to replace damaged ligament)address long and short componentsExternal coaptation 4-6 weeks
tarsal canal on plantar surface contains
- tendon of flexor hallicus longs2. plantar branches of saphenous a, v3. medial and lateral plantar nerves
standing angle of the canine tarsus
135-145 dog115-125 cats
components of common calcaneal tendon
- SSDFT2. Semitendinosus3. Gracillus4. paired gastrocnemius5. biceps femoris
recommendations for common calcanean repair
- debride conservatively tendon edges 2. remove tension (keep extension)3. 3 loop pulley ( locking loop, Bunnel, F-N-N-F)4. augmentation if needed with suture mattress or fascia lata internal splint; synthetic material5. immobilization (cast, calcanotibial screw, ESF)
avulsion of gastrocnemius at insertion to calcaneus
Labs, Dobermans2nd most common tendon injury in dogsmoderate plantigrade (bc SDFT still intact)clenching of digitscrab claw
SDFT displacement
Sheepdogs, Collies, Greyhoundsdisplacement usually occurs in a lateral direction as a result of disruption of the medial retaining structurestx: suture retinaculum and immobilize
