39. Spinal neoplasia Flashcards
most dogs present older in life for spinal neoplasia with what exception
EXCEPTION extra renal NEPHROBLASTOMA–young
onset of clinical signs in animals is usually chronic and progressive except in what percentage of cases
50% may present with acute signslongest onset–intradural, extramedullaryshortest onset–intramedullary or intraaxial tumors
most common clinical sign in dogs vs cats with spinal neoplasia
dogs–paincats–paresis/paralysis
area of spine most often involved with spinal tumors in dogs
dogs–cervical spine
most difficult area of spine to obtain percutaneous biopsy
vertebral body! (especially cervical and thoracic)
tumors of the spinal cord that are highly radiation and chemo responsive
lymphomamultiple myeloma
definitive radiation therapy MST for spinal tumors in dogs (primarily menigiomas)
MST 17 months
types of extradural spinal neoplasia
- vertebral neoplasia (OSA, Benign Exostosis/Osteochondroma, Lymphoma,
types of intradural/extramedullary spinal neoplasia
- meningioma2. PNS tumors3. extra renal nephroblastoma
types of intramedullary spinal tumors
PRIMARY1. neuronal/glial tumors2. stromal tumorsSECONDARY
T/Fvertebral neoplasia is the most common spinal tumor
TRUE–often involve vertebral body–result in extradural compression–can be primary (large breeds) or secondary (small breeds)–most are malignant (OSA–most common dogs/cats primary vertebral body tumor)
T/Fin general, skeletal OSA in cats is associated with a very low metastatic rate regardless of anatomic location
TRUE
locations in which spinal lymphoma can occur
primary or secondary1. intradural-extramedullary2. extradural3. intramedullary
T/Fin cats, spinal lymphoma accounts for 27% of all confirmed spinal cord diseases
truetypically, spinal lymphoma affects Fe-LV positive catsin cats, typically TL spine most affected
T/Fmore than 80% of cats with spinal lymphoma have extra neural sites of lymphoma
TRUEkidney, bone marrow»_space;liver, spleen, LN
spinal meningioma
most common primary spinal intramural–extramedullay tumor in dog (most common non lymphoma spinal tumor in cat)boxers predisposed
most meningiomas of canine spine affect what area
cervical spine
PNS tumors most commonly affect which limb
thoracic > pelvicusually involve caudal cervical C8-T2 (radial n)atrophy most often present over supraspinatus and infraspinatus
other neurological syndromes that can be seen in dogs with a thoracic PNS tumor
–Horners–Absent CTRIPSIlateral
three categories of PNS
- spinal root: worse px2. plexus3. peripheral (distal) nerve: better px*location sign affects px
survival of PNS tumors with surgical tx of clean margins and/or amputation
1416 dayssignificantly longer with peripheral group vs. plexus and spinal root groups
survival of PNS tumors if lesion is in plexus with amputation alone
7.5 months DFI12 months MST(though not statistically different from nerve root group)
survival of PNS tumors if lesion is at level of intervertebral foramen (near spinal root) with sx
1 month DFI5 months MST(though not statistically different from plexus group)
signalment of dogs presenting with extra renal nephroblastoma
YOUNG dogsGSD, Golden retrieversT10-L2 vertebrae (reflect a T3-L3 myelopathy)hard to ddx btwn intramedullary vs intradural extra medullary
2 patterns of cells seen in extra renal nephroblastoma
- glandular—look like primitive glomeruli2. solid—sheets of blastemal (embryonic) cellstherefore, these tumors may arise from mesonephric or metanephric embryologic remnants that become trapped in developing dura/spinal cord
tx for nephroblastoma
laminectomy/hemilaminectomydurotomy(areas of infiltration can be seen, precluding complete excision)
tumors associated with secondary spread to spinal cord/CNS
HSACarcinomas (mammary, thyroid)
