6.1 Leukopenia and Leukocytosis Flashcards
What is the marker for hematopoietic stem cells? (CD(__))?
CD34
What are the two divisions of the lymphoid route of stem cell maturation?
B cells (to plasma cells) T cells to CD4 or CD8 cells
What are the four myeloid cells that stem cells can differentiate into?
Erythroblasts
Myeloblasts
Monoblasts
Megakaryblasts
What are the three cells that myeloblasts give rise to?
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
What is the normal WBC count?
5-10 k
What are the two major causes of neutropenia?
Drug toxicity
Severe infection
What is the treatment for neutropenia?
G-CSF
GM-CSF
What are the four major causes of lymphopenia?
Immunodeficiency
High cortisol state
Autoimmune disease (e.g. SLE)
Whole body radiation
What are the most sensitive cells to radiation?
Lymphocytes
When does neutrophil leukocytosis occur? (3)
Bacterial infection
Tissue necrosis
High cortisol state
What is a left shift?
Increased bands cells
What does premature neutrophils lack as compared to normal neutrophils? What is the marker that identifies this?
Fc receptors
CD16
Decreased CD16 indicates what?
Proliferation of immature neutrophils and a lack of Fc receptors
What is the MOA of neutrophilic leukocytosis with high cortisol states?
Causes PMN detachment from endothelial cells of the blood vessels (loss of marginated pool)
What are the two causes of monocytosis?
Malignancy
Chronic inflammatory states
What are the three causes of eosinophilia?
Allergic reaction
Parasitic infection
Hodgkin lymphoma
In what malignancy is there a high amount of eosinophils present? What causes this?
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Increased IL=5 production
Basophilia is seen in what malignancy?
CML
When causes a lymphocytic leukocytosis? Which bacteria can cause this?
Virus infection
Bordetella pertussis
What is the cause of mononucleosis?
EBV infection
What are the three tissues that are infected in mono?
Oropharynx
Liver
B cells
True or false: EBV is an important cause of hepatitis
TRUE
Which area of the lymph node will be enlarged in a viral infection?
Paracortex
Where are B cells found in a lymph node?
cortex
What is in the white pulp part of the spleen? Red pulp?
Red pulp =blood
White pulp = B & T cells
What part of the white pulp of the spleen is enlarged in viral infections?
Periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS)
Where are the T cells present in the spleen?
Around the blood vessels
What does the monospot test test for?
IgM to heterophile antibodies
A negative monospot usually indicates that what virus is usually causing the mono-like symptoms?
CMV
What is the definitive test for mono?
EBV viral capsid antigen
A rash can develop if a patient with Mono is given what abx?
PCN
How long do patients with mono have to avoid contact sports d/t the chance of splenic rupture?
1 year
