6.1 Leukopenia and Leukocytosis

Question 1

What is the marker for hematopoietic stem cells? (CD(__))?

Answer 1

CD34

Question 2

What are the two divisions of the lymphoid route of stem cell maturation?

Answer 2

B cells (to plasma cells)
T cells to CD4 or CD8 cells

Question 3

What are the four myeloid cells that stem cells can differentiate into?

Answer 3

Erythroblasts
Myeloblasts
Monoblasts
Megakaryblasts

Question 4

What are the three cells that myeloblasts give rise to?

Answer 4

Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils

Question 5

What is the normal WBC count?

Answer 5

5-10 k

Question 6

What are the two major causes of neutropenia?

Answer 6

Drug toxicity

Severe infection

Question 7

What is the treatment for neutropenia?

Answer 7

G-CSF

GM-CSF

Question 8

What are the four major causes of lymphopenia?

Answer 8

Immunodeficiency
High cortisol state
Autoimmune disease (e.g. SLE)
Whole body radiation

Question 9

What are the most sensitive cells to radiation?

Answer 9

Lymphocytes

Question 10

When does neutrophil leukocytosis occur? (3)

Answer 10

Bacterial infection
Tissue necrosis
High cortisol state

Question 11

What is a left shift?

Answer 11

Increased bands cells

Question 12

What does premature neutrophils lack as compared to normal neutrophils? What is the marker that identifies this?

Answer 12

Fc receptors

CD16

Question 13

Decreased CD16 indicates what?

Answer 13

Proliferation of immature neutrophils and a lack of Fc receptors

Question 14

What is the MOA of neutrophilic leukocytosis with high cortisol states?

Answer 14

Causes PMN detachment from endothelial cells of the blood vessels (loss of marginated pool)

Question 15

What are the two causes of monocytosis?

Answer 15

Malignancy

Chronic inflammatory states

Question 16

What are the three causes of eosinophilia?

Answer 16

Allergic reaction
Parasitic infection
Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 17

In what malignancy is there a high amount of eosinophils present? What causes this?

Answer 17

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Increased IL=5 production

Question 18

Basophilia is seen in what malignancy?

Answer 18

CML

Question 19

When causes a lymphocytic leukocytosis? Which bacteria can cause this?

Answer 19

Virus infection

Bordetella pertussis

Question 20

What is the cause of mononucleosis?

Answer 20

EBV infection

Question 21

What are the three tissues that are infected in mono?

Answer 21

Oropharynx
Liver
B cells

Question 22

True or false: EBV is an important cause of hepatitis

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

Which area of the lymph node will be enlarged in a viral infection?

Answer 23

Paracortex

Question 24

Where are B cells found in a lymph node?

Answer 24

cortex

Question 25

What is in the white pulp part of the spleen? Red pulp?

Answer 25

Red pulp =blood

White pulp = B & T cells

Question 26

What part of the white pulp of the spleen is enlarged in viral infections?

Answer 26

Periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS)

Question 27

Where are the T cells present in the spleen?

Answer 27

Around the blood vessels

Question 28

What does the monospot test test for?

Answer 28

IgM to heterophile antibodies

Question 29

A negative monospot usually indicates that what virus is usually causing the mono-like symptoms?

Answer 29

CMV

Question 30

What is the definitive test for mono?

Answer 30

EBV viral capsid antigen

Question 31

A rash can develop if a patient with Mono is given what abx?

Answer 31

PCN

Question 32

How long do patients with mono have to avoid contact sports d/t the chance of splenic rupture?

Answer 32

1 year