19.3: Epithelial Tumors Flashcards
What are seborrheic keratoses? In whom is this commonly seen in?
- Benign squamous proliferation
- Common in the elderly
What is the classic description of seborrheic keratoses?
“stuck on” appearance
What are the classic histological characteristics of seborrheic keratoses?
Intracellular epidermal of keratin
What is the Leser-Trelat sign, and what is the significance of this?
- Sudden onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses
- Suggest underlying carcinoma of the GI tract
Sudden onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses = what sign? What does this potentially indicate?
- Leser-Trelat sign
- Suggest underlying carcinoma of the GI tract
What is acanthosis nigricans?
-Epidermal hyperplasia with darkening of the skin
What is the classic description of acanthosis nigricans?
Dark, “velvet-like” skin
Where on the body does acanthosis nigricans usually develop?
Groin or axilla
What is acanthosis nigricans associated with?
Insulin resistance or malignancy
What is basal cell carcinoma?
Malignant proliferation of basal cells of the epidermis
What are the risk factors for the development of basal cell carcinoma? (3)
- Prolonged exposure to sunlight
- Albinism
- Xeroderma pigmentosum
What is the defect in xeroderma pigmentosum? Inheritance pattern?
AR defect in nucleotide excision repair
What component of sunlight is the most carcinogenic component?
UVB
What is the classic appearance of basal cell carcinoma?
- Elevated, pearly nodule with an umbilicated center
- Surrounded by telangiectasias
Where on the lips does basal cell carcinoma classically appear?
Upper lip
What are the histological characteristics of basal cell carcinoma?
Peripheral palisading nuclei surrounding a neoplastic nodule
What is the treatment for basal cell carcinoma? Prognosis?
- excision
- Excellent prognosis since small chances of mets
What, generally, is squamous cell carcinoma?
Malignant proliferation of squamous cells
What are the risk factors that are specific to squamous cell carcinoma? (3)
- Immunosuppressive therapy
- Arsenic poisoning
- Chronic inflammation
Where on the body does squamous cell carcinoma usually arise?
Face
What part of the lip does squamous cell carcinoma usually arise from?
Bottom
What is the treatment and prognosis for squamous cell carcinoma?
- Excision
- Mets are uncommon
What is actinic keratosis? Is it malignant?
Precursor lesion to SCC that presents as hyperkeratotic, scaly plaque
Where on the body does actinic keratosis usually present?
Face
Back
Neck
What can actinic keratosis progress to?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What is keratoacanthoma?
Well differentiated SCC that develops rapidly, and regresses spontaneously
How does keratoacanthoma present?
Cup shaped tumor filled with keratin debris
