Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

All the things continued > 14.3 Testicular Tumors > Flashcards

14.3 Testicular Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two basic types of testicular tumors?

A

Germ cell or sex cord stromal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the classic presentation of testicular tumors?

A

Firm, painless testicular mass that cannot be transilluminated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why aren’t testicular tumors biopsied?

A
  • Risk of seeding scrotum

- Most are malignant anyways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the general treatment of testicular tumors?

A

Orchiectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common type of testicular tumors? What is the age range that this usually occurs at?

A

Germ cell tumor

15-40 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two major risk factors for the development of germ cell tumors?

A

Cryptorchidism

Klinefelter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two types of testicular germ cell tumors?

A

Seminoma and nonseminoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the male equivalent of dysgerminomas?

A

Seminoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the malignant potentials of seminomas and nonseminomas?

A

Seminomas meta late and respond well to treatment

Non-seminomas met early, and do not respond well to chemo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What, generally, are seminomas?

A

Malignant tumor of large cells with clear cytoplasm, and central nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the gross characteristics of seminomas?

A

Homogenous mass without hemorrhage or necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What, rarely, may seminomas produce?

A

beta-HCG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pt presents with a homogenous testicular mass without hemorrhage or necrosis. Histology reveals a malignant tumor of large cells with clear cytoplasm, and central nuclei. Diagnosis?

A

Seminoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are embryonal carcinomas?

A

Malignant tumors of immature, primitive cells that may form glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the gross characteristics of embryonal carcinomas?

A

Hemorrhagic mass with area of necrosis, that may form glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the characteristics of embryonal carcinomas, in terms of aggressiveness and spread? How does it met?

A

Aggressive with early hematogenous spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What might chemotherapy do to an embryonal carcinoma?

A

May cause it to differentiate into a more mature tumor

18
Q

What are the labs that may be elevated with embryonal carcinomas?

A

AFP or beta-HCG

19
Q

What is the most common testicular tumor in children?

A

Yolk sac tumor

20
Q

What are yolk sac tumors?

A

Malignant tumors that resemble yolk sac elements

21
Q

What is the hormone that is classically elevated in yolk sac tumors?

A

AFP

22
Q

What are the histological characteristics of yolk sac tumors?

A

Schiller-Duval bodies–glomerular-like structures

23
Q

Testicular tumor with glomerular-like structures on histology = ?

A

Schiller-Duval bodies characteristics of yolk sac tumors

24
Q

What are the cells that produce beta-HCG in the developing fetus?

A

Syncytiotrophoblasts

25
Q

What are the metastatic characteristics of choriocarcinomas? Why?

A

Spread early hematogenously–placental tissue is programmed to find blood vessels

26
Q

What is the hormone that can be produced by choriocarcinomas? What, then, are the s/sx that result?

A

beta-HCG

Hyperthyroidism or gynecomastia

27
Q

Why is is that high levels of beta-HCG from yolk sac tumors may cause hyperthyroidism?

A

Beta subunit of HCG is similar to TSH and FSH/LH

28
Q

What are the cell types that comprised choriocarcinomas?

A

Syncytiotrophoblasts

Cytotrophoblasts (NOT vili)

29
Q

What is the usual paradigm that helps determine primary vs secondary tumors? What is odd about this with choriocarcinomas of the testicle?

A

Primary is usually larger than mets, but this is reversed with choriocarcinomas

30
Q

What is the difference between teratomas in males vs females

A

Males = malignant

Females =benign

31
Q

What are the hormones that teratomas may produce?

A

beta HCG or AFP

32
Q

True or false: most germ cell tumors are mixed germ cells

A

True

33
Q

What is the prognosis of mixed germ cell tumors based on?

A

Worst component

34
Q

What are the cells that line the seminiferous tubules?

A

Sertoli cells

35
Q

What are sex-cord stromal tumors of the testicle? Are they usually benign or malignant?

A

Tumors that resemble sex cord stroma of the testicle

Usually benign

36
Q

What are the pink cells that surround sertoli cells?

A

Leydig cells

37
Q

Leydig cell tumors usually produce what hormone? What, then, are the s/sx of these tumors?

A

Usually produce androgen

Precocious puberty in children, or gynecomastia in adults

38
Q

What are the classic histological characteristics of Leydig cell tumors?

A

Reinke crystals

39
Q

Reinke crystals = ?

A

Leydig cell tumors

40
Q

What are sertoli cell tumors comprised of? What are the classic clinical s/sx of sertoli cells?

A

Comprised of tubules

Usually clinically silent

41
Q

What is the most common cause of a testicular mass in a male over the age of 60? Are these usually unilateral or bilateral?

A

Lymphoma

BIlateral

42
Q

What type of lymphoma usually mets to the testicles?

A

Diffuse, large B cell lymphoma

All the things continued (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions