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All the things continued > 2.5 Wound healing > Flashcards

2.5 Wound healing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two general mechanisms of healing?

A

Regeneration or repair

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2
Q

What, generally, is regeneration? What is it dependent on?

A

Replacing damaged tissue with the native tissue

Dependent on the regenerative capacity of the tissue

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3
Q

What are labile tissues? Examples?

A

Tissues that continuously cycle to regenerate tissue

Small/ large bowel
Skin
Bone marrow

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4
Q

Where are the stem cells in the small and large bowel?

A

Crypts

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5
Q

Where are the stem cells in the skin?

A

Stratum basale of epidermis

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6
Q

What are the stem cells in the bone marrow?

A

Hematopoietic stem cells

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7
Q

What is the CD marker for hematopoietic stem cells?

A

CD34

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8
Q

What are the stem cells of the lung?

A

Type II pneumocytes

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9
Q

What are stable tissues?

A

Tissues that are quiescent, but can reenter cell cycle PRN

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10
Q

What are some examples of stable tissues?

A

Hepatocytes–compensatory hyperplasia

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11
Q

What are the three permanent tissues in the body?

A

Myocardium
Skeletal muscle
Neurons

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12
Q

When does repair occur, as opposed to regeneration?

A

If a tissues lacks regenerative capacity, or if the regenerative stem cells are lost

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13
Q

What material is initially deposited in tissues that lack regenerative capacity? What are the three major components of this?

A

Granulation tissue:

  • Fibroblasts
  • Capillaries
  • Myofibroblasts
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14
Q

What type of collagen is laid down by fibroblasts with granulation tissue? What is this later replaced with?

A

Collagen type III initially, followed by type I after collagenases remove type III

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15
Q

What is the role of myofibroblasts in wound repair?

A

Contract wound edges

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16
Q

What are the enzymes that remove type III collagen in scar to allow for type I collagen to be depositied? What is the cofactor that is needed for these to work?

A

Collagenases

Zn is the cofactor

17
Q

What type of signalling is used in regeneration and repair?

A

Paracrine signalling via growth factors

18
Q

What is the role of TGF-alpha in the tissue repair process? (2)

A

Epithelial and fibroblast growth factor

19
Q

What is the role of TGF-beta in the tissue repair process? (2)

A

Fibroblast growth factor and inhibits inflammation

20
Q

What is the role of PDGF in the tissue repair process? (3)

A

Endothelium repair, smooth muscle repair, and fibroblast growth factor

21
Q

What is the role of FGF in the tissue repair process? (2)

A

Angiogenesis and skeletal development

22
Q

What is the role of VEGF in the tissue repair process?

A

Angiogenesis

23
Q

What is primary intention wound healing?

A

Wound edges are brought together with minimal scar formation

24
Q

What is healing by secondary intention?

A

Edges are not approximated–granulation tissue fills the defect

25
Q

What causes wound to reduce in size?

A

Myofibroblasts

26
Q

What is the most common cause of delayed wound healing?

A

Infection

27
Q

What vitamin deficiency can cause delayed wound healing? Minerals?

A
  • Vit C
  • Cu
  • Zn
28
Q

What is procollagen?

A

Alpha chains of Gly-X-Y wrapped around each other, prior to crosslinking

29
Q

What is the usual primary structure of collagen?

A

{Gly-X-Y | X=proline, Y=lysine}

30
Q

What is the role of vitamin C in the formation of collagen?

A

Hydroxylation of proline / K

31
Q

What is the role of Cu in collagen formation?

A

Lysl oxidase, an enzyme responsible for cross linking collagen chain, requires Cu as a cofactor

32
Q

What, generally, is dehiscence?

A

Rupture of wound, commonly seen after abdominal surgery

33
Q

What is a hypertrophic scar? What type of collagen is this made of?

A

Excess production of scar tissue that is localized to the wound

Type I collagen

34
Q

What is a Keloid? What type of collagen is this comprised of?

A

Excess production of scar tissue that is out of proportion to the wound

Excessive type III collagen

All the things continued (28 decks)

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