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All the things continued > 13.6 Ovarian Tumors > Flashcards

13.6 Ovarian Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

What is the tumor that can arise from an oocyte?

A

Germ cell tumors

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2
Q

What are the cells of the ovary that can develop into sex cord stromal tumors? (3)

A

Granulosa cells
Theca cells
Fibroblasts

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3
Q

What is the most common type of ovarian tumor?

A

Surface epithelial tumors

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4
Q

What are surface epithelial tumors derived from?

A

Coelomic epithelium that lines the ovary

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5
Q

What are the two different subtypes of surface epithelial tumors?

A

Serous and mucinous cystadenomas

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6
Q

What are the benign form of serous and mucinous ovarian cysts? Malignant?

A

Cystadenomas - benign

Cystadenocarcinoma - malaign

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7
Q

What ages do cystadenomas usually arise in?

A

30-40 years

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8
Q

What is the age range that is usually affected with cystadenocarcinoma?

A

60-70 year old women

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9
Q

What is the difference in the lining of the cystadenomas vs cystadenocarcinoma?

A

Cystadenomas = smooth

Cystadenocarcinoma = shaggy

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10
Q

What are borderline tumors? Are they benign or malign?

A

Tumors that have both benign and malignant tumors. They are malignant, but behave better than malignant ones

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11
Q

What are the types of gyn CA that occurs in women with a BRCA1 mutation? (2)

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

fallopian tube carcinoma

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12
Q

What is the endometrioid type of ovarian tumor? Are these usually benign or malignant?

A

Ovarian cyst that contains endometrium like tissue

Malignant

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13
Q

What condition are endometrioid tumors associated with?

A

Endometriosis

Separate endometrial cancer

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14
Q

What are Brenner tumors of the ovary? What type of epithelium is contained in them?

A

Uroepithelium

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15
Q

Do ovarian surface tumors usually present early or late? What is the prognosis?

A

Usually present late, and carry a poor prognosis

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16
Q

Where do surface ovarian tumors tend to spread?

A

Locally, especially to the peritoneum

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17
Q

What are the s/sx of surface ovarian tumors?

A

Vague abdominal symptoms (pain, fullness)

urinary frequency 2/2 compression

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18
Q

What is the surface marker that is classically elevated in ovarian tumors?

A

CA-125

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19
Q

Who do germ cell tumors of the ovary usually occur in?

A

Women of reproductive age

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20
Q

What are the two major types of fetal-like tissue ovarian tumors?

A
  • Cystic teratoma

- Embryonal CA

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21
Q

What are the cells that give rise to dysgerminomas?

A

Germ cells

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22
Q

What type of cancer arises from the placenta?

A

Coriocarcinoma

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23
Q

What is the most common germ cell tumor?

A

Cystic teratoma

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24
Q

What are cystic teratomas? Are they benign or malign?

A

Tumor comprised of fetal tissue, derived from 2+ embryological germ layers

Benign

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25
Q

What percent of cystic teratomas are bilateral?

A

10%

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26
Q

When in particular do cystic teratomas have a malignant potential?

A

When there is immature tissue

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27
Q

What is the most common type of immature tissue type that is found in immature teratomas?

A

Neuroectoderm

28
Q

What is a somatic malignancy?

A

A cancer that is within a tissue type in a teratoma

29
Q

What is the most common somatic malignancy that arises within a teratoma?

A

SCC of the skin

30
Q

What is a struma ovarii?

A

Cystic teratoma composed primarily of thyroid tissue

31
Q

What are dysgerminomas?

A

ovarian tumor composed of germ cells

32
Q

What is the most malignant germ cell ovarian tumor?

A

dysgerminoma

33
Q

What are the histological characteristics of dysgerminomas?

A

large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei (looks like oocyte)

34
Q

What is the testicular counterpart of a dysgerminoma?

A

Seminoma

35
Q

What is the prognosis for a dysgerminoma?

A

Good–responds to radiotherapy

36
Q

What lab may be elevated with dysgerminomas?

A

LDH

37
Q

Ovarian tumor composed of large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei = ?

A

Dysgerminoma

38
Q

What is the most common germ cells tumor in children?

A

Endodermal sinus tumors

39
Q

What are endodermal sinus tumors?

A

Tumors that mimic the yolk sac

40
Q

What are the histological characteristics of endodermal sinus tumors?

A

Schiller-Duval bodies–glomerular like structures

41
Q

What is the lab that may be elevated with endodermal sinus tumors?

A

AFP

42
Q

Glomeruloid structures on histological examination of a ovarian tumors = ?

A

Endodermal sinus tumor

43
Q

What, generally, are choriocarcinomas?

A

Malignant proliferation of placenta-like tissue (composed of trophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts) NOT villi

44
Q

What lab is elevated with choriocarcinoma?

A

beta-HCG

45
Q

What is the prognosis for de novo choriocarcinoma?

A

Poor response to chemotherapy

46
Q

What comprises the functional unit of the placenta?

A

Villi with surrounding cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts,

47
Q

What is the key cell that surrounds a placental villus?

A

trophoblasts

48
Q

What cells of the placenta are malignant with choriocarcinoma?

A

trophoblasts (NOT villi)

49
Q

What are the characteristic of the choriocarcinomas?

A

Small, hemorrhagic tumor that mets early

50
Q

Why is it that choriocarcinomas spread early?

A

It is programmed to invade the endometrium and find blood vessels

51
Q

What are embryonal carcinomas?

A

Tumors that are composed of large primitive cells

52
Q

What are the characteristics of embryonal carcinomas?

A

Aggressive with early metastasis

53
Q

What are the histological characteristics of embryonal carcinomas?

A

Tumors composed of large, primitive cells (embryo-like)

54
Q

What are the sex cord-stromal tumors composed of?

A

Cells that resemble the sex cord stromal tissue of the ovary (e.g. Granulosa cells, theca cells)

55
Q

What do granulosa-Theca cell tumors produce? What, then, are the usual s/sx of these tumors?

A

Estrogen

Excess estrogen (thus s/sx vary with age)

56
Q

What are the s/sx of granulosa cell tumors in children, child bearing, and postmenopausal women?

A

Children = precocious puberty

Adults = menometrorrhagia

Older = resumption of bleeding after menopause

57
Q

What are Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors?

A

Tumors composed ot sertoli-Leydig cells that form tubules

58
Q

What are the histological characteristics of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors?

A

Leydig cells that contain characteristics Reinke crystals

59
Q

What do Sertoli-Leydig cells produce? When, then, are the s/sx of these tumors?

A

Produce androgen, thus may be associated with hirsutism or virilization

60
Q

What comprises the functional unit of the testicle?

A

Sertoli cells surrounded by Leydig cells

61
Q

Reinke crystals on histological exam = ?

A

Leydig cell tumor

62
Q

What are fibromas?

A

Benign proliferation of fibroblasts

63
Q

What are the classic symptoms of ovarian fibromas? What is this syndrome called?

A

Pleural effusions and ascites

Meig’s syndrome

64
Q

What are Krukenberg tumors? Histological characteristics? Why?

A

Mucinous ovarian tumors derived from the GI tract (diffuse CA)

Signet ring cells since the mucus produced from these cells pushes the nuclei toward the periphery

65
Q

What is pseudomyxoma peritonei?

A

Mucinous material in the peritoneum (“jelly belly”)

66
Q

What mucinous tumor usually affects only one ovary, and which affects both?

A

One = mucinous cystadenoma

Two = Krukeburg met

67
Q

What is the usual cause of pseudomyxoma peritonei?

A

Appendiceal tumor–mucinous

All the things continued (28 decks)

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