14.2 Testicle Flashcards
What is cryptorchidism?
Failure of the testicle to descend into the scrotal sac
What is the most common congenital male reproductive abnormality?
Cryptorchidism
True or false: most cases of Cryptorchidism resolves spontaneously
True
When is cryptorchidism treated?
Before 2 yo
What are the two major risks of not treating cryptorchidism?
- Testicular atrophy with infertility
- Seminoma
What are the usual infectious causes of orchitis in young adults?
Chlamydia D-K or N. Gonorrhoeae
What virus has a predilection for the testicles?
Mumps
What are the usual infectious causes of orchitis in older adults?
E. Coli and pseudomonas
What is the classic hallmark of autoimmune orchitis?
granulomas of the tubules of the testicle
What does testicular torsion lead to? Why?
Hemorrhagic infarction
Vein is compressed, but artery is not
What predisposes people to testicular torsion?
COngenital failure of the testes to attach to the inner lining of the scrotum
What is the classic presentation of testicular torsion?
Sudden onset of testicular pain, and an absent cremasteric reflex
What is the role of the gubernaculum in adult males?
Anchors the testes within the scrotum
What is the role of the gubernaculum in adult females?
Ovarian ligament + round ligament of the uterus
What is the role of the processus vaginalis in adult males?
Forms the tunica vaginalis
What is the role of the processus vaginalis in adult females?
Obliterated
What is the cause of varicoceles, and what is the classic appearance?
Dilation of the spermatic vein d/t impaired drainage
Why are varicoceles more common on the left side?
Left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein, and may become blocked, particularly 2/2 renal cell CA
What is a hydrocele?
Fluid collection in the incompletely closed processus vaginalis, or blockage of lymphatic drainage
