6.1-6.7: How Our Environmental Influences What We Learn

Question 1

An enduring change in behavior resulting from prior experience

Answer 1

Learning

Question 2

A form of learning that involves a change in the magnitude of an elicited response with repetition of the eliciting stimulus

Answer 2

Nonassociative learning

Question 3

A form of learning that involves making connections between stimuli and behavioral responses

Answer 3

Associative learning

Question 4

A form of nonassociative learning by which an organism becomes less responsive to a repeated stimulus

Answer 4

Habituation

Question 5

A form of nonassociative learning by which an organism becomes more sensitive, or responsive, to a repeated stimulus

Answer 5

Sensitization

Question 6

The recovery of a response that has undergone habituation, typically as a result of the presentation of a novel stimulus

Answer 6

Dishabituation

Question 7

An active form of learning by which an association is made between a stimulus and a voluntary response

Answer 7

Operant conditioning

Question 8

A passive form of learning by which an association is made between a reflex-eliciting stimulus and other stimuli

Answer 8

Classical conditioning

Question 9

A stimulus that produces a reflexive response without prior learning

Answer 9

Unconditioned stimulus

Question 10

The response that is automatically generated by the unconditioned stimulus

Answer 10

Unconditioned response

Question 11

A stimulus that has no prior positive or negative association but comes to elicit a response after being associated with the unconditioned stimulus

Answer 11

Conditioned stimulus

Question 12

A response that occurs in the presence of the conditioned stimulus after an association between the conditioned unconditioned stimulus is learned

Answer 12

Conditioned response

Question 13

The initial learning of an association between the unconditioned and conditioned stimuli during classical conditioning

Answer 13

Acquisition

Question 14

The tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus, so that learning is not tied too narrowly to a specific stimulus

Answer 14

Generalization

Question 15

Learning to respond to a particular stimulus but not to similar stimuli, thus preventing overgeneralizations

Answer 15

Discrimination

Question 16

An active learning process in which there is a weakening of the conditioned response to the conditioned stimulus in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus

Answer 16

Extinction

Question 17

The reappearance of an extinct behavior after a delay

Answer 17

Spontaneous recovery

Question 18

A classical conditioning phenomenon whereby a prior association with a conditioned stimulus prevents learning of an association with another stimulus because the second one adds no further predictive value

Answer 18

Blocking

Question 19

The species-specific biological predisposition to learn some associations more quickly than other associations

Answer 19

Preparedness

Question 20

A classically conditioned response where individuals are more likely to associate nausea with food than with other environmental stimuli

Answer 20

Conditioned taste aversion