10.8-10.24: Consequences of Stress for Health & Risk and Resilience: Whose Health Is Hit the Hardest by Stress? & Coping with Stress & Promoting Healthy Behavior

Question 1

The sustained activation of many physiological systems in response to frequent or chronic stressors

Answer 1

Allostatic load

Question 2

Molecules, released as part of the body’s natural immune response, that respond to injury or infection by causing fever and inflammation

Answer 2

Cytokines

Question 3

A phenomenon whereby alcohol intoxication leads to a narrowing of attention and impairment of the ability to exert top-down control over impulses

Answer 3

Alcohol myopia

Question 4

A label used to describe a collection of traits that include being highly competitive and driven, hot-tempered and hostile, and urgently focused on time and time management

Answer 4

Type A personality

Question 5

A label used to describe a collection of traits that include being reflective, creative, and less competitive

Answer 5

Type B personality

Question 6

The interaction between environmental factors and a person’s genetic predispositions that determine the unique phenotypes expressed in personality

Answer 6

Gene x environment interactions

Question 7

A model of clinical disorders suggesting that genes provide a susceptibility for a disorder that will manifest as symptoms only under certain levels of stress

Answer 7

Diathesis-stress model

Question 8

The idea that some people have a genetic predisposition to be more strongly affected by variation in their environment, especially during early childhood

Answer 8

Differential sensitivities hypothesis

Question 9

The study of how life events can change how genes are expressed

Answer 9

Epigenetics

Question 10

The idea that positive emotions evolved as a signal of safety, allowing for exploration and creativity

Answer 10

Broaden-and-build function

Question 11

The degree to which people believe they can turn to other people for information, help, advice, or comfort

Answer 11

Social support

Question 12

A subjective experience of having one’s attention so focused on an activity or task that any sense of self-awareness disappears

Answer 12

Flow

Question 13

Specific “if-then” thoughts that cognitively connect a desired action to some triggering event or stimulus

Answer 13

Implementation intentions

Question 14

A regimented routine at bedtime that allows one’s body to learn cues for sleep

Answer 14

Sleep hygiene