5.7-5.11: Sleep and Dreams

Question 1

A regularly occurring state of altered consciousness that happens when arousal is very low

Answer 1

Sleep

Question 2

A rhythmic pattern of high-frequency, low-amplitude waves in the brain’s electrical activity (as measured by EEG) that is associated with being awake and actively thinking

Answer 2

Beta waves

Question 3

A rhythmic pattern of low-frequency, high amplitude waves in the brain’s electrical activity (as measured by EEG) that is associated with being awake yet relaxed with eyes closed

Answer 3

Alpha waves

Question 4

Sensory experiences, such as sights and sounds, that happen in the absence of true sensory input

Answer 4

Hallucinations

Question 5

A rhythmic pattern of very-low-frequency, high-amplitude waves in the brain’s electrical activity (as measured by EEG) that is associated with deep, Stage 4 sleep

Answer 5

Delta waves

Question 6

A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, brain activity similar to wakefulness, faster heart and breathing rates, inability to move the skeletal muscles, and dreams

Answer 6

Rapid eye movement sleep (REM)

Question 7

A pattern of sleep in which only one half (or hemisphere) of the brain experiences slow-wave sleep at a time, while the other half remains awake

Answer 7

Unihemispheric sleep

Question 8

Sequences of images, emotions, and thoughts, sometimes vivid and storylike, that are experienced during sleep

Answer 8

Dreams

Question 9

The tendency to spend more time in REM sleep if deprived of it on previous nights

Answer 9

REM rebound

Question 10

According to Sigmund Freud’s theory, the visible, surface content of a dream or behavior that disguises the hidden, latent content

Answer 10

Manifest content

Question 11

According to Sigmund Freud’s theory, the hidden drives and wishes that are expressed in dreams and behavior but in a disguised form (as the manifest content)

Answer 11

Latent content

Question 12

The hypothesis that dreams result from the brain’s attempt to organize the chaotic patterns of brain activity during sleep into a semicoherent narrative

Answer 12

Activation-synthesis hypothesis

Question 13

A sleep disorder involving chronic difficulties falling or staying asleep

Answer 13

Insomnia

Question 14

A sleep disorder in which a person’s breathing is interrupted because of obstructions in the airway or problems with the brain’s control of breathing

Answer 14

Sleep apnea

Question 15

A sleep disorder that involves acting out one’s dreams because the paralysis that normally occurs during REM sleep is absent or incomplete

Answer 15

REM behavior disorder (RBD)

Question 16

A sleep disorder that involves walking or performing other behaviors while in deep sleep

Answer 16

Sleepwalking

Question 17

A sleep disorder occurring during deep sleep that involves dramatic expressions of fear, with accelerated heart rate and respiration

Answer 17

Night terrors

Question 18

A sleep disorder in which a person falls asleep suddenly and uncontrollably

Answer 18

Narcolepsy