12.1-12.5: A Science of Personality: Early Approaches

Question 1

Patterns of thought and behavior that make a person react to certain situations in relatively consistent ways

Answer 1

Personality

Question 2

Thoughts and feelings that fall below the threshold of our awareness but can guide thought and behavior

Answer 2

Unconscious

Question 3

The component of personality in Freud’s psychoanalytic theory that is the manifestation of unconscious and instinctual drives and needs

Answer 3

Id

Question 4

The component of personality in Freud’s psychoanalytic theory that represents the largely conscious awareness of reality and the ability to mediate the needs of the id withing the constraints of reality

Answer 4

Ego

Question 5

The component of personality in Freud’s psychoanalytic theory that represents the internalized cultural rules and ideals to guide our moral conscience

Answer 5

Superego

Question 6

The various ways in which the ego is thought to cope with conflict between the unconscious desires of the id and the moral constraints of society

Answer 6

Defense mechanisms

Question 7

A defense mechanism in which the ego redirects the aggressive impulses of the id from their intended targets to more defenseless targets

Answer 7

Displacement

Question 8

A defense mechanism in which people, instead of acknowledging it in themselves, see other as possessing a disliked trait or feeling

Answer 8

Projection

Question 9

A defense mechanism in which the ego keeps unwanted feelings, thoughts, and memories below the level of conscious awareness

Answer 9

Repression

Question 10

A defense mechanism in which the ego prevents the perception of a painful or threatening reality as it is occurring

Answer 10

Denial