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PSYC2360 > 6: PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY > Flashcards

6: PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

2 TYPES OF RECEPTORS

A
  1. IONOTROPIC RECEPTORS (DIRECT METHOD)
  2. METABOTROPIC RECEPTORS (INDIRECT METHOD)
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2
Q

study of effects of drugs on nervous system + bhvr

A

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

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3
Q

changes a drug produces in animal’s physiological processes/bhvr

A

DRUG EFFECTS

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4
Q

chemical substance that effects/alters cell function in v small quantities

A

DRUG

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5
Q

locations at which drugs interact w cells of the body thus affecting some biochemical processes of these cells

A

SITES OF ACTION

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6
Q

2 BASIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF DRUG ACTIONS

A
  1. AGONIST
  2. ANTAGONIST
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7
Q

drug that FACILITATES effects of a particular NT on postsynaptic cell

A

AGONIST

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8
Q

drug that INHIBITS effects of a particular NT on postsynaptic cell

A

ANTAGONIST

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9
Q
  1. serves as PRECURSOR to NT
  2. stimulates RELEASE of NT
  3. receptor BINDING (same as if NT = opening channels)
  4. BLOCKS auto receptors (INCR synth/release NT)
  5. inhibition of REUPTAKE
  6. inhibition of DEACTIVATION
A

6 WAYS DRUGS CAN AGONIZE

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10
Q
  1. prevents synthesis of NT
  2. blocks RELEASE of NT
  3. receptor BLOCKER (NTs not allowed to bind to receptors)
  4. STIMULATES autoreceptors (INHIBITS synth/release of NT)
  5. prevents storage of NT in vesicle
A

5 WAYS DRUGS CAN ANTAGONIZE

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11
Q

binds at SAME site NT would

A

DRUG ACTION OF DIRECT (COMPETITIVE) AGONIST/ANTAGONIST

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12
Q

binds at DIFF site than NT would

A

DRUG ACTION OF INDIRECT (NON-COMPETITIVE) AGONIST/ANTAGONIST

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13
Q

class of AMINES that includes CATECHOLAMINES + INDOLAMINES

A

MONOAMINES

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14
Q

example of QUARTERNARY AMINE

A

ACETYLCHOLINE

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15
Q

4 MAJOR NT SYSTEMS

A
  1. ACETYLCHOLINE
  2. DOPAMINE
  3. NOREPINEPHRINE
  4. SEROTONIN
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16
Q

precursor of DOPAMINE that = used to treat PARKINSON’S bc it is a DOPAMINE AGONIST (INCR DOPAMINE levels)

A

L-DOPA

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17
Q

neurological disease characterized by tremors/rigidity of limbs/poor balance/difficulty initiating mvmts

A

PARKINSON’S DISEASE

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18
Q

PARKINSON’S DISEASE = caused by degeneration of that _____ system

A

NIGROSTRIATAL SYSTEM

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19
Q

drugs that alter DOPAMINE uptake + produce SCHIZO-like delusions

A

AMPHETAMINES

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20
Q

units used for protein synthesis by all cells of brain

A

AMINO ACIDS

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21
Q

2 AMINO ACID NTS THAT ACCOMPLISH MOST SYNAPTIC COMMUNICATION

A
  1. GLUTAMATE
  2. GABA
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22
Q

primary EXCITATORY AA NT

A

GLUTAMATE

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23
Q

primary INHIBITORY AA NT

A

GABA

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24
Q

effects of GLUTAMATE + GABA in which info learned + remembered = transmitted by neurons secreting these NTS

A

INFO-TRANSMITTING EFFECTS

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25
1. DORSOLATERAL PONS 2. BASAL FOREBRAIN 3. MESOCORTICAL SYSTEM
3 NEURAL PATHWAYS OF ACETYLCHOLINE
26
1. NIGROSTRIATAL SYSTEM 2. MESOLIMBIC SYSTEM 3. MESOCORTICAL SYSTEM
3 NEURAL PATHWAYS OF DOPAMINE
27
NEURAL PATHWAY OF NOREPINEPHRINE
LOCUS COERULEUS
28
NEURAL PATHWAY OF SEROTONIN
RAPHE NUCLEI
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- learning - memory - sleep
ACETYLCHOLINE CNS FUNCTIONS
30
- muscle contraction
ACETYLCHOLINE PNS FUNCTION
31
DECR in ACETYLCHOLINE = ___ DISEASE
ALZHEIMER'S
32
- voluntary mvmt - attn - learning - reinforcement of abused drugs - planning - prob solving
DOPAMINE CNS FUNCTIONS
33
DECR in DOPAMINE = ___ DISEASE
PARKINSON'S
34
INCR in DOPAMINE = ___ DISEASE
SCHIZOPHRENIA
35
- vigilance - attn - sexual bhvr - appetite
NOREPINEPHRINE CNS FUNCTIONS
36
- ANS regulation (regulate heart rate/BP)
NOREPINEPHRINE PNS FUNCTION
37
DECR in NOREPINEPHRINE = ___
DEPRESSION
38
INCR in NOREPINEPHRINE = ___
MANIA
39
- mood regulation - eating - sleep - dreaming - arousal - impulse control
SEROTONIN CNS FUNCTIONS
40
- ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM functions (digestion)
SEROTONIN PNS FUNCTION
41
DECR in SEROTONIN = ___
DEPRESSION
42
INCR in SEROTONIN = ___/___/___
OCD/TICS/SCHIZOPHRENIA
43
where GLUTAMATE + GABA = STORED
in the VESICLES
44
1. NMDA RECEPTOR 2. AMPA RECEPTOR 3. KAINATE RECEPTOR 4. METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR
4 MAJOR TYPES OF GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS
45
specialized IONOTROPIC GLUTAMATE receptor that controls CALCIUM channel normally blocked by Mg2+ ions
NMDA RECEPTOR
46
(most common) IONOTROPIC GLUTAMATE receptor that controls SODIUM channel that produces EPSPs when open
AMPA RECEPTOR
47
proteins that move GLUTAMATE from synapse
EXCITATORY AMINO ACID TRANSPORTERS
48
IONOTROPIC GABA receptors that control CHLORIDE channels
GABA A RECEPTORS
49
consist of 2+ AMINO ACIDS linked together by PEPTIDE BONDS
PEPTIDES
50
drugs used for centuries to relieve PAIN
OPIATES
51
class of peptides secreted by brain that act as OPIATES
ENDOGENEOUS OPIOIDS
52
EXAMPLES OF ENDOGENOUS OPIOIDS
- OPIUM - MORPHINE - HEROIN - OXYCODONE
53
ENDOGENEOUS OPIOIDS = ___ for OPIATE receptors
AGONISTS
54
idea that WANTING = equivalent to CRAVING a drug + LIKING = PLEASURE from drug-taking
INCENTIVE SENSITIZATION MODEL (WANTING + LIKING MODEL)
55
idea that FAST-acting drugs = MOST addictive + SLOW-acting drugs = addictive bc of MEMORY assoc w taking the drug
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
56
EXAMPLES OF FAST-ACTING DRUGS
COCAINE/HEROIN
57
EXAMPLE OF SLOW-ACTING DRUG
ALCOHOL
58
brain location where addictive drugs/other reinforcers release DOPAMINE
NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS
59
ANTAGONIST at DOPAMINE transporters that causes them to run in REVERSE which releases NT into synapse + blocks reuptake of NTs
AMPHETAMINE/METHAMPHETMINE
60
AGONIST that INCR effects of DOPAMINE
DOPAMINE AGONIST
61
thing that lets DOPAMINE react in synapse for LONGER period of time
REUPTAKE INHIBITOR
62
drug that INHIBITS reuptake of DOPAMINE
COCAIN/METHYLPHENIDATE
63
serious mental disorder characterized by POSITIVE/NEGATIVE symptoms (hallucinations/lack of emotion)
SCHIZOPHRENIA
64
2 TYPES OF SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
1. POSITIVE 2. NEGATIVE
65
- hallucinations - delusions - paranoia
POSITIVE SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZO
66
- lack of emotion/energy/directedness
NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZO
67
OVERACTIVITY of MESOLIMBIC DOPAMINE pathway mediates POSITIVE symptoms of SCHIZO + UNDERACTIVITY of MESOLIMBIC DOPAMINE pathway mediates NEGATIVE symptoms of SCHIZO
DOPAMINE THEORY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
68
degenerative brain disorder of unknown origin that causes: - progressive memory loss -motor deficits - death
ALZHEIMERS
69
4 BRAIN ABNORMALITIES ASSOC W ALZHEIMERS
1. NUCLEUS BASALIS deteriorates 2. NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES 3. AMYLOID PLAQUES 4. cell loss from NUCLEUS BASALIS OF MEYNERY
70
dying neuron containing important stuff that formerly served as cell's internal skeleton
NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES
71
extracellular deposit containing a core of AMYLOID
AMYLOID PLAQUES
72
first cells to be affected in ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
CHOLINERGIC NEURONS IN BASAL FOREBRAIN
73
2 TREATMENTS FOR ALZHEIMERS
1. COGNITIVE ENHANCERS 2. NMDA RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

PSYC2360 (17 decks)

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