13: MOTOR CONTROL + DISORDERS

Question 1

3 BASAL GANGLIA DISORDERS

Answer 1

1. PARKINSON’S DISEASE
2. HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE
3. TOURETTE’S SYNDROME

Question 2

motor deficit disorder that involve deficiency of AUTOMATIC/HABITUAL resps caused by damage to BASAL GANGLIA

Answer 2

PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Question 3

degeneration of NIGROSTRIATAL SYSTEM

Answer 3

specific cause of PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Question 4

system of DOPAMINE-secreting neurons of SUBSTANTIA NIGRA that send axons to BASAL GANGLIA

Answer 4

NIGROSTRIATAL SYSTEM

Question 5

• HYPOKINESIA/BRADYKINESIA/AKINESIA
• PARKINSONIAN MASK
• RESTING TREMORS
• COGWHEEL RIGIDITY
• postural/gait disturbances

Answer 5

SYMPTOMS OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Question 6

difficulty INITIATING mvmt

Answer 6

HYPOKINESIA

Question 7

SLOWNESS in control of mvmt

Answer 7

BRADYKINESIA

Question 8

SLOWNESS of THOUGHT

Answer 8

BRADYPHRENIA

Question 9

ABSENCE of mvmt

Answer 9

AKINESIA

Question 10

frozen facial fts

Answer 10

PARKINSONIAN MASK

Question 11

vibratory mvmts of arms/hands that diminish somewhat when individuals makes PURPOSEFUL mvmts

Answer 11

RESTING TREMOR

Question 12

stereotypical mvmts made at rest that resembles rolling a pill btwn fingertips/thumb

Answer 12

PILL-ROLLING TREMOR

Question 13

small rigid steps in a passive mvmts caused by INCR muscle tone in EXTENSOR/FLEXOR muscles that leads to RESISTANCE to mvmt

Answer 13

COGWHEEL RIGIDITY

Question 14

• L-DOPA
• ANTI-CHOLINERGIC DRUGS
• STALEVO

Answer 14

DRUG TREATMENTS FOR PARKINSONS DISEASE

Question 15

INCR ___ in brain causes patients remaining DOPAMINE neurons to produce/secrete MORE DOPAMINE which alleviates symptoms of disease for a bit

Answer 15

L-DOPA

Question 16

this type of drug REDUCES uptake of ACETYLCHOLINE + restores balance btwn DOPAMINE/ACETYLCHOLINE that was damaged by depletion of DOPAMINE

Answer 16

ANTI-CHOLINERGIC DRUGS

Question 17

new combination medication that INCR DOPAMINE levels in brain

Answer 17

STALEVO

Question 18

surgical stereotaxic lesioning of INTERNAL DIVISION OF GLOBUS PALLIDUS to treat PD (GPi = stimulated first to determine region responsible for excessive inhibition)

Answer 18

PALLIDOTOMIES

Question 19

division of GLOBUS PALLIDUS that provides INHIBITORY input to MOTOR CORTEX via THALAMUS

Answer 19

INTERNAL DIVISION OF GLOBUS PALLIDUS

Question 20

lesion of ___ ___ used for patients w ADVANCED PD

Answer 20

SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS

Question 21

surgical procedure involving implanting electrodes in particular region of brain + attaching device that permits electrical stimulation of that region thru electrodes

Answer 21

DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION

Question 22

devices that act as brain pacemaker that = implanted in THALAMUS + stimulate motor pathways (bypassing connections from BASAL GANGLIA

Answer 22

INTERNAL STIMULATORS

Question 23

inherited, autosomal dominant degenerative disorder affecting CAUDATE NUCLEUS of BASAL GANGLIA

Answer 23

HUNTINGTONS DISEASE

Question 24

degeneration of CAUDATE NUCLEUS/PUTAMEN + in hereditary cases: dom gene on chromosome 4

Answer 24

CAUSE OF HUNTINGTONS DISEASE

Question 25

HYPERKINESIAS: - HUNTINGTONS CHOREA - ATHETOSIS - CONTORTED POSTURES - BRADYKINESIA

Answer 25

SYMPTOMS OF HUNTINGTONS DISEASE

Question 26

jerky/uncontrollable limb mvmts

Answer 26

HUNTINGTONS CHOREA

Question 27

slow/writhing involuntary mvmts

Answer 27

ATHETOSIS

Question 28

head/arms/legs/being in constant motion

Answer 28

CONTORTED POSTURES

Question 29

is there treatment for HUNTINGTONS DISEASE?

Answer 29

NO

Question 30

disorder caused by damage to BASAL GANGLIA that involves REPETITIVE mvmts/unwanted sounds

Answer 30

TOURETTE'S SYNDROME

Question 31

assoc w gene on chrom 18

Answer 31

CAUSE OF TOURETTE'S SYNDROME

Question 32

- VOCAL/MOTOR TICS - ECHOLALIA - COPROLALIA - head/face = affected - complex mvmts (touching) = affected - OCD

Answer 32

SYMPTOMS OF TOURETTE'S SYNDROME

Question 33

1 DRUG TREATMENT FOR TOURETTE'S SYNDROME

Answer 33

DOPAMINE AGONISTS (anti-DOPAMINE)

Question 34

paralysis on 1 side of body

Answer 34

HEMIPLEGIA

Question 35

MOTOR STRIP lesions

Answer 35

CAUSE OF HEMIPLEGIA

Question 36

difficulty carrying out purposeful actions in ABSENCE of paralysis/muscle weakness/somatosensation/comprehension

Answer 36

APRAXIA

Question 37

left inferior PARIETAL lesions

Answer 37

CAUSE OF APRAXIA

Question 38

poor control of mvmts in PERIPHERY

Answer 38

OPTIC ATAXIA

Question 39

bilateral superior PARIETAL injury

Answer 39

CAUSE OF OPTIC ATAXIA

Question 40

anarchic (disorganized) control of CONTRALAT hand

Answer 40

ALIEN HAND SYNDROME

Question 41

medial FRONTAL CORTEX (SMA) + anterior CORPUS CALLOSOTOMIES

Answer 41

CAUSE OF ALIEN HAND SYNDROME

Question 42

- patient feels and behaves in FOREIGN/UNCOOPERATIVE manner - INTERMANUAL CONFLICT - usually left hand = affect in right handers

Answer 42

SYMPTOMS OF ALIEN HAND SYNDROME

Question 43

when person's hand acts as if it has AUTONOMOUS control independent from indies control

Answer 43

INTERMANUAL CONFLICT

Question 44

- impairment of LEARNED actions (gestures/tool use/skilled purposeful mvmts) - both hands = affected (bilateral) - cooccurs w aphasia

Answer 44

SYMPTOMS OF APRAXIA

Question 45

inability to carry out simple motor activity in resp to VERBAL COMMAND (cant mime/imitate use either)

Answer 45

IDEOMOTOR APRAXIA

Question 46

inability to carry out SEQUENCE of actions that = components of bhvrl script

Answer 46

IDEATIONAL APRAXIA

Question 47

probs w mvmts of ARMS/HANDS/FINGERS

Answer 47

LIMB APRAXIA

Question 48

difficulty DRAWING/CONSTRUCTING objects

Answer 48

CONSTRUCTIONAL APRAXIA

Question 49

probs w mvmts of muscles used in SPEECH

Answer 49

ORAL APRAXIA

Question 50

particularly type of WRITING DEFICIT

Answer 50

APRAXIC AGRAPHIA

Question 51

1. PREMOTOR + SUPPLEMENTARY MOTOR CORTICAL REGIONS 2. CEREBELLUM 3. BASAL GANGLIA 4. MOTOR CORTEX 5. BRAIN STEM 6. SPINAL CORD

Answer 51

BRAIN AREAS INVOLVED IN MOTOR CONTROL