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PSYC2360 > 2: NEURONS > Flashcards

2: NEURONS Flashcards

1
Q

nervous system comprised of brain + spinal cord

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

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2
Q

nervous system comprised of nerve tissue

A

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

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3
Q

cell body of a neuron (contains nucleus + DNA)

A

SOMA

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4
Q

branched/treelike structure that receives info from TERMINAL BUTTON of other neurons

A

DENDRITE

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5
Q

site of summation for incoming info on a neuron

A

AXON HILLOCK

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6
Q

long thin cylindrical structure that conveys information from SOMA of a neutron to TERMINAL BUTTON

A

AXON

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7
Q

bud at end of branch of AXON that forms SYNAPSES w another neutron + sends info to that neutron across SYNAPTIC CLEFT

A

TERMINAL BUTTON

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8
Q

junction between TERMINAL BUTTON of an AXON + membrane of another neuron

A

SYNAPSE

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9
Q

chem released by TERM BUTT + that has EXCITATORY/INHIBITORY effect on another neuron

A

NEUROTRANSMITTER

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10
Q

more likely for a neuron to fire

A

EXCITATORY

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11
Q

less likely for a neuron to fire

A

INHIBITORY

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12
Q
  • person sees a glass of water
  • SENSORY NEURONS relay info toward CNS
  • motor input from CNS allows person to engage MOTOR NEURONS + take a drink
A

NEURON INFO RELAY EXAMPLE

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13
Q

neuron w 1 AXON + 1 DENDRITE attached to its soma

A

BIPOLAR NEURON

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14
Q

nature of BIPOLAR NEURONS

A

SENSORY in nature

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15
Q

neuron w 1 AXON + many DENDRITES

A

MULTIPOLAR NEURON

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16
Q

most common type of neuron in CNS

A

MULTIPOLAR NEURONS

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17
Q

neuron w 1 AXON attached to its SOMA w the AXON dividing into 2 branches (1 branch receives sensory info + other branch sense sensory information to CNS)

A

UNIPOLAR NEURON

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18
Q

nature of UNIPOLAR NEURONS

A

SOMATOSENSORY in nature

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19
Q

meaning the neuron = involved in TOUCH/PAIN

A

SOMATOSENSORY (UNIPOLAR NEURONS)

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20
Q

neurons that transmit sensory information to CNS

A

SENSORY NEURONS (PNS)

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21
Q

neurons that control contraction/secretion of gland

A

MOTOR NEURONS (CNS)

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22
Q

neurons connecting SENSORY + MOTOR NEURONS

A

INTERNEURONS (CNS)

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23
Q

which cells can regenerate?

A

cells in PNS (NOT CNS)

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24
Q

what part of neuron determines EXCITATORY/INHIBITORY props?

A

AXON HILLOCK

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25
Q

4 BASIC COMPONENTS OF NEURONS (ZONES)

A
  1. INPUT ZONE
  2. INTEGRATION ZONE
  3. CONDUCTION ZONE
  4. OUTPUT ZONE
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26
Q

INPUT ZONE of neuron includes:

A
  • dendrites
  • cell body
  • nucleus
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27
Q

function of INPUT ZONE

A

receive info

28
Q

INTEGRATION ZONE of neuron includes:

A

axon hillock

29
Q

function of INTEGRATION ZONE

A

summate info received (determine how excitatory/inhibitory)

30
Q

CONDUCTION ZONE of neuron includes

A

axon

31
Q

function of CONDUCTION ZONE

A

where signal travels down

32
Q

OUTPUT ZONE of neuron includes

A

axon terminals

33
Q

function of OUTPUT ZONE

A

release info

34
Q

cellular structure consisting primarily of lipid molecules that make up outer boundary of cell

A

CELL MEMBRANE

35
Q

viscous, semi liquid substance inside cell

A

CYTOPLASM

36
Q

structure that contains all genetic material neuron needs to function (chromosomes)

A

NUCLEUS

37
Q

powerhouse of cell that:
- has double membrane
- contains own DNA
- replicates indep of cells
- converts nutrients into ATP

A

MITOCHONDRIA

38
Q

storage reservoir + channel for transporting chems thru CYTOPLASM

A

ENDOPLASMIC REITCULUM

39
Q

2 FORMS OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

A
  1. ROUGH
  2. SMOOTH
40
Q

ER that produces proteins either transported out of cell (attached) or distributed around CYTOPLASM (free-floating)

A

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

41
Q

ER that produces lipids

A

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

42
Q

cell structure that generates/secretes neurochems (EXOCYTOSIS)

A

GOLGI APPARATUS

43
Q

organelle surrounded by membrane that contains enzymes + break down waste products

A

LYSOSOME

44
Q

matrix of protein strands that give neuron its shape

A

CYTOSKELETON

45
Q

long strand of bundles of protein filaments arranged around a hollow core

A

MICROTUBULES

46
Q

active process by which substances = propelled along MICROTUBULES that run length of AXON

A

AXOPLASMIC TRANSPORT

47
Q

2 TYPES OF AXOPLASMIC TRANSPORT

A
  1. ANTEROGRADE
  2. RETROGRADE
48
Q

transport that goes in direction along axon from CELL BODY to TERMINAL BUTTONS (fast)

A

ANTEROGRADE TRANSPORT

49
Q

transport that goes in direction along axon from TERMINAL BUTTONS to CELL BODY (slow)

A

RETROGRADE TRANSPORT

50
Q

unit that electro-chemically transfers info from one region to another

A

NEURON (GREY MATTER)

51
Q

supporting cells of CNS

A

GLIA (WHITE MATTER)

52
Q
  • wrap axons in fatty sheath
  • modify chemical milieu
  • remove dead neurons after damage
  • involved in devmt
  • serve nutritive needs
  • maintian BBB
A

FUNCTIONS OF GLIA

53
Q

3 KINDS OF GLIAL CELLS IN CNS

A
  1. ASTROCYTES
  2. OGLIODENDROCYTES
  3. MICROGLIA
54
Q

glial cells that provide support for neurons of CNS + clean up debris within brain

A

ASTROCYTES

55
Q
  • allow transmission of ions across vascular wall
  • forms BBB
  • provides physical support + nourishment
  • supply neurons w GLUCOSE which produces LACTATE
A

FUNCTIONS OF ASTROCYTES

56
Q

process by which ASTROCYTES eat up + get invader cells/debris caused by cellular degeneration out

A

PHAGOCYTOSIS

57
Q

glial cells that produce myelin + can myelinated multiple axons at once

A

OGLIODENDROCYTES

58
Q

smol glial cells that remove dead cells from damaged neural tissue + protect brain from invading microorganisms

A

MICROGLIA

59
Q

cells involved in production of myelin in PNS (only myelinated single nerve/1 segment of myelin)

A

SCHWANN CELLS

60
Q

gaps in myelin

A

NODES OF RANVIER

61
Q

when a group of cells send their signals to 1 specific place (EX: CORPUS CALLOSUM)

A

FIBRE TRACT

62
Q

selectively permeable barrier that regulates the chemicals that can enter CNS from blood

A

BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER (BBB)

63
Q
  • prevents toxins from bloodstream from infecting brain
  • helps CNS maintain proper composition of fluids inside/outside neurons
  • selectively permeable so some things can get thru some cant
A

FUNCTIONS OF BBB

64
Q

area that maintains weak BBB which allows for detection of toxins in bloodstream + triggers vomit resp to get toxins out of body

A

AREA POSTREMA

65
Q
  • high BP (hypertension)
  • development (BBB = not fully formed at birth)
  • hyperosmolarity (high conc of substance in blood)
  • microwaves/radiation
A

4 THINGS THAT BBB CAN BE BROKEN DOWN BY

PSYC2360 (17 decks)

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