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PSYC2360 > 2: NEURONS > Flashcards

2: NEURONS Flashcards

1
Q

nervous system comprised of brain + spinal cord

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

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2
Q

nervous system comprised of nerve tissue

A

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

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3
Q

cell body of a neuron (contains nucleus + DNA)

A

SOMA

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4
Q

branched/treelike structure that receives info from TERMINAL BUTTON of other neurons

A

DENDRITE

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5
Q

site of summation for incoming info on a neuron

A

AXON HILLOCK

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6
Q

long thin cylindrical structure that conveys information from SOMA of a neutron to TERMINAL BUTTON

A

AXON

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7
Q

bud at end of branch of AXON that forms SYNAPSES w another neutron + sends info to that neutron across SYNAPTIC CLEFT

A

TERMINAL BUTTON

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8
Q

junction between TERMINAL BUTTON of an AXON + membrane of another neuron

A

SYNAPSE

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9
Q

chem released by TERM BUTT + that has EXCITATORY/INHIBITORY effect on another neuron

A

NEUROTRANSMITTER

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10
Q

more likely for a neuron to fire

A

EXCITATORY

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11
Q

less likely for a neuron to fire

A

INHIBITORY

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12
Q
  • person sees a glass of water
  • SENSORY NEURONS relay info toward CNS
  • motor input from CNS allows person to engage MOTOR NEURONS + take a drink
A

NEURON INFO RELAY EXAMPLE

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13
Q

neuron w 1 AXON + 1 DENDRITE attached to its soma

A

BIPOLAR NEURON

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14
Q

nature of BIPOLAR NEURONS

A

SENSORY in nature

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15
Q

neuron w 1 AXON + many DENDRITES

A

MULTIPOLAR NEURON

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16
Q

most common type of neuron in CNS

A

MULTIPOLAR NEURONS

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17
Q

neuron w 1 AXON attached to its SOMA w the AXON dividing into 2 branches (1 branch receives sensory info + other branch sense sensory information to CNS)

A

UNIPOLAR NEURON

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18
Q

nature of UNIPOLAR NEURONS

A

SOMATOSENSORY in nature

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19
Q

meaning the neuron = involved in TOUCH/PAIN

A

SOMATOSENSORY (UNIPOLAR NEURONS)

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20
Q

neurons that transmit sensory information to CNS

A

SENSORY NEURONS (PNS)

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21
Q

neurons that control contraction/secretion of gland

A

MOTOR NEURONS (CNS)

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22
Q

neurons connecting SENSORY + MOTOR NEURONS

A

INTERNEURONS (CNS)

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23
Q

which cells can regenerate?

A

cells in PNS (NOT CNS)

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24
Q

what part of neuron determines EXCITATORY/INHIBITORY props?

A

AXON HILLOCK

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25
4 BASIC COMPONENTS OF NEURONS (ZONES)
1. INPUT ZONE 2. INTEGRATION ZONE 3. CONDUCTION ZONE 4. OUTPUT ZONE
26
INPUT ZONE of neuron includes:
- dendrites - cell body - nucleus
27
function of INPUT ZONE
receive info
28
INTEGRATION ZONE of neuron includes:
axon hillock
29
function of INTEGRATION ZONE
summate info received (determine how excitatory/inhibitory)
30
CONDUCTION ZONE of neuron includes
axon
31
function of CONDUCTION ZONE
where signal travels down
32
OUTPUT ZONE of neuron includes
axon terminals
33
function of OUTPUT ZONE
release info
34
cellular structure consisting primarily of lipid molecules that make up outer boundary of cell
CELL MEMBRANE
35
viscous, semi liquid substance inside cell
CYTOPLASM
36
structure that contains all genetic material neuron needs to function (chromosomes)
NUCLEUS
37
powerhouse of cell that: - has double membrane - contains own DNA - replicates indep of cells - converts nutrients into ATP
MITOCHONDRIA
38
storage reservoir + channel for transporting chems thru CYTOPLASM
ENDOPLASMIC REITCULUM
39
2 FORMS OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
1. ROUGH 2. SMOOTH
40
ER that produces proteins either transported out of cell (attached) or distributed around CYTOPLASM (free-floating)
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
41
ER that produces lipids
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
42
cell structure that generates/secretes neurochems (EXOCYTOSIS)
GOLGI APPARATUS
43
organelle surrounded by membrane that contains enzymes + break down waste products
LYSOSOME
44
matrix of protein strands that give neuron its shape
CYTOSKELETON
45
long strand of bundles of protein filaments arranged around a hollow core
MICROTUBULES
46
active process by which substances = propelled along MICROTUBULES that run length of AXON
AXOPLASMIC TRANSPORT
47
2 TYPES OF AXOPLASMIC TRANSPORT
1. ANTEROGRADE 2. RETROGRADE
48
transport that goes in direction along axon from CELL BODY to TERMINAL BUTTONS (fast)
ANTEROGRADE TRANSPORT
49
transport that goes in direction along axon from TERMINAL BUTTONS to CELL BODY (slow)
RETROGRADE TRANSPORT
50
unit that electro-chemically transfers info from one region to another
NEURON (GREY MATTER)
51
supporting cells of CNS
GLIA (WHITE MATTER)
52
- wrap axons in fatty sheath - modify chemical milieu - remove dead neurons after damage - involved in devmt - serve nutritive needs - maintian BBB
FUNCTIONS OF GLIA
53
3 KINDS OF GLIAL CELLS IN CNS
1. ASTROCYTES 2. OGLIODENDROCYTES 3. MICROGLIA
54
glial cells that provide support for neurons of CNS + clean up debris within brain
ASTROCYTES
55
- allow transmission of ions across vascular wall - forms BBB - provides physical support + nourishment - supply neurons w GLUCOSE which produces LACTATE
FUNCTIONS OF ASTROCYTES
56
process by which ASTROCYTES eat up + get invader cells/debris caused by cellular degeneration out
PHAGOCYTOSIS
57
glial cells that produce myelin + can myelinated multiple axons at once
OGLIODENDROCYTES
58
smol glial cells that remove dead cells from damaged neural tissue + protect brain from invading microorganisms
MICROGLIA
59
cells involved in production of myelin in PNS (only myelinated single nerve/1 segment of myelin)
SCHWANN CELLS
60
gaps in myelin
NODES OF RANVIER
61
when a group of cells send their signals to 1 specific place (EX: CORPUS CALLOSUM)
FIBRE TRACT
62
selectively permeable barrier that regulates the chemicals that can enter CNS from blood
BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER (BBB)
63
- prevents toxins from bloodstream from infecting brain - helps CNS maintain proper composition of fluids inside/outside neurons - selectively permeable so some things can get thru some cant
FUNCTIONS OF BBB
64
area that maintains weak BBB which allows for detection of toxins in bloodstream + triggers vomit resp to get toxins out of body
AREA POSTREMA
65
- high BP (hypertension) - development (BBB = not fully formed at birth) - hyperosmolarity (high conc of substance in blood) - microwaves/radiation
4 THINGS THAT BBB CAN BE BROKEN DOWN BY

PSYC2360 (17 decks)

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