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PSYC2360 > 4: NEUROANATOMY > Flashcards

4: NEUROANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

imaginary line drawn thru centre of length of CNS from bottom of SPINAL CORD to front of FOREBRAIN

A

NEURAXIS

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2
Q

located near/toward HEAD (front end)

A

ANTERIOR/ROSTRAL

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3
Q

located near/toward TAIL (back end)

A

POSTERIOR/CAUDAL

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4
Q

toward BACK

A

DORSAL

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5
Q

above

A

SUPERIOR

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6
Q

toward BELLY

A

VENTRAL

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7
Q

below

A

INFERIOR

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8
Q

toward SIDE of body (away from middle)

A

LATERAL

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9
Q

toward MIDDLE of body (away from side)

A

MEDIAL

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10
Q

structures located on SAME side of body

A

IPSILATERAL

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11
Q

structures located on OPPOSITE side of body

A

CONTRALATERAL

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12
Q

one one side only

A

UNILATERAL

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13
Q

on both sides

A

BILATERAL

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14
Q

CLOSE to body (trunk)

A

PROXIMAL

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15
Q

FAR AWAY from body (trunk)

A

DISTAL

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16
Q

signals that move AWAY from CNS

A

EFFERENT SIGNALS

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17
Q

signals that move TOWARD CNS

A

AFFERENT SIGNALS

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18
Q

horizontal plane that divides body TOP-BOTTOM

A

HORIZONTAL PLANE

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19
Q

vertical plane that divides body LEFT-RIGHT

A

SAGITTAL PLANE

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20
Q

vertical plane that divides body FRONT-BACK

A

CORONAL (FRONTAL) PLANE

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21
Q

3 layers of tissue that encase the CNS

A

MENINGES

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22
Q

3 LAYERS OF MENINGES

A
  1. DURA MATER
  2. ARACHNOID SPACE
  3. PIA MATER
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23
Q

outermost layer of MENINGES (tough + flexible)

A

DURA MATER

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24
Q

middle layer of MENINGES (btwn DURA/PIA MATERS)

A

ARACHNOID SPACE

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25
Q

innermost layer of MENINGES that clings to surface of brain (thin + delicate)

A

PIA MATER

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26
Q

fluid-filled (CS fluid) space that cushions brain (btwn ARACHNOID SPACE + PIA MATER)

A

SUBARACHNOID SPACE

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27
Q

infection of MENINGES that incr pressure on brain

A

MENINGITIS

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28
Q

infection of brain itself

A

ENCEPHALITIS

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29
Q

hollow spaces in brain filled w CSF

A

VENTRICLES

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30
Q

VENTRICLES OF BRAIN

A
  1. LATERAL VENTRICLES
  2. THIRD VENTRICLE
  3. FOURTH VENTRICLE
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31
Q

ventricles in centre of TELENCEPHALON

A

LATERAL VENTRICLES

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32
Q

ventricle in centre of DIENCEPHALON

A

THIRD VENTRICLE

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33
Q

ventricle btwn CEREBELLUM + DORSAL PONS in centre of METENCEPHALON

A

FOURTH VENTRICLE

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34
Q

narrow tube connecting 3RD/4TH VENTRICLES located in centre of MESENCEPHALON

A

CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT

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35
Q

highly vascular tissue that protrudes into all 4 VENTRICLES + produces CSF

A

CHOROID PLEXUS

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36
Q

small projection of ARACHNOID MEMBRANE thru DURA MATER into SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS that CSF flows thru to be absorbed into blood supply

A

ARACHNOID GRANULATIONS

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37
Q

clear fluid that fills VENTRICULAR SYSTEM of brain + SUBARACHNOID SPACE surrounding brain + spinal cord

A

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

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38
Q
  • supports/cushions brain
  • provides nutrients
  • removes waste
  • maintains BBB
A

FUNCTIONS OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

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39
Q
  1. CSF = produced by CHOROID PLEXUS in LATERAL VENTS
  2. CSF flows into 3RD VENT where more CSF = produced
  3. CSF flows thru CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT to 4TH VENT where more CSF = produced again
  4. CSF leaves 4TH VENT thru small openings that connect w SUBARACH SPACE surrounding brain
  5. CSF flows thru SUBARACH SPACE around CNS + is reabsorbed into blood supply thru ARACHNOID GRANULATIONS
A

STEPS OF CIRCULATION OF CSF THRU VENTRICULAR SYSTEM

40
Q

condition of TOO MUCH CSF bc all/some VENTS = enlarged caused by an obstruction that impedes normal CSF flow

A

OBSTRUCTIVE HYDROCEPHALUS

41
Q

type of ventricular tumour

A

CHOROID PLEXUS PAPILLOMA

42
Q

CN for smell

A
  1. OLFACTORY
43
Q

CN for vision

A
  1. OPTIC
44
Q

3 CNS for eye mvmt

A
  1. OCULOMOTOR
  2. TROCHLEAR
  3. ABDUCENS
45
Q

CN for chewing/touching/pain for mouth

A
  1. TRIGEMINAL
46
Q

CN for face muscles/taste

A
  1. FACIAL
47
Q

CN for hearing/equilibrium

A
  1. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
48
Q

CN for taste/BP

A
  1. GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
49
Q

CN for heart rate/digestion

A
  1. VAGUS
50
Q

CN for swallowing

A

11: ACCESSORY

51
Q

CN for tongue mvmt

A

12: HYPOGLOSSAL

52
Q

5 SUBDIVISIONS OF BRAIN

A
  1. TELENCEPHALON
  2. DIENCEPHALON
  3. MESENCEPHALON
  4. METENCEPHALON
  5. MYENCEPHALON
53
Q

3 MAJOR DIVISIONS OF BRAIN

A
  1. FOREBRAIN
  2. MIDBRAIN
  3. HINDBRAIN
54
Q

MEMORY TOOL FOR ORDER OF CRANIAL NERVES

A

Old Opulent Olivia Tries To Absolutely Fucking Vacuum Grandma Virginia’s Ancient House

55
Q

LATERAL + THIRD VENTRICLES (+ CEREBRAL HEMIS) = located in this major division

A

in FOREBRAIN

56
Q

LATERAL VENTRICLES = located in this subdivision

A

in TELENCEPHALON

57
Q

THIRD VENTRICLE = located in this subdivision

A

in DIENCEPHALON

58
Q

3 main structures in TELENCEPHALON

A
  1. CEREBRAL CORTEX
  2. BASAL GANGLIA
  3. LIMBIC SYSTEM
59
Q

2 main structures in DIENCEPHALON

A
  1. THALAMUS
  2. HYPOTHALAMUS
60
Q

CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT = located in this major division

A

MIDBRAIN

61
Q

CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT = located in this subdivision

A

MESENCEPHALON

62
Q

2 main structures in MESENCEPHALON

A
  1. TECTUM
  2. TEGMENTUM
63
Q

FOURTH VENTRICLE = located in this major division

A

HINDBRAIN

64
Q

FOURTH VENTRICLE = located in this subdivision

A

METENCEPHALON

65
Q

2 main structures in METENCEPHALON

A
  1. CEREBELLUM
  2. PONS
66
Q

1 main structure in MYENCEPHALON

A
  1. MEDULLA OBLONGATA
67
Q

6 STRUCTURES OF LIMBIC SYSTEM

A
  1. AMYGDALA
  2. HYPOTHALAMUS
  3. CINGULATE CORTEX
  4. ANTERIOR THALAMUS
  5. MAMMILLARY BODIES
  6. HIPPOCAMPUS
68
Q

group of nuclei below cortex in FOREBRAIN that = involved in motor control

A

BASAL GANGLIA

69
Q

3 NUCLEI OF BASAL GANGLIA

A
  1. CAUDATE NUCLEUS
  2. PUTAMEN
  3. GLOBUS PALLIDUS
70
Q

3 DISEASES ASSOC W DAMAGE TO BASAL GANGLIA

A
  1. PARKINSONS
  2. HUNTINGTONS
  3. TOURETTES
71
Q

group of nuclei that = largest portion of DIENCEPHALON above HYPOTHALAMUS

A

THALAMUS

72
Q

sensory + motor relay centre

A

FUNCTION OF THALAMUS

73
Q

2 NUCLEI OF THALAMUS

A
  1. LATERAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS
  2. MEDIAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS
74
Q

nucleus of THALAMUS that relays info from RETINA to PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX

A

LATERAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS

75
Q

nucleus of THALAMUS that relays in from AUDITORY PATHWAY to PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX

A

MEDIAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS

76
Q

group of nuclei in DIENCEPHALON beneath THALAMUS

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

77
Q
  • maintain equilibrium/homeostasis
  • regulate food intake
  • regulate body temp
  • regulate hormones
A

FUNCTION OF HYPOTHALAMUS

78
Q

2 COLLICULI OF TECTUM

A
  1. SUPERIOR COLLICULI
  2. INFERIOR COLLICULI
79
Q

protrusions on top of MIDBRAIN that = part of VISUAL SYSTEM involved in REM

A

SUPERIOR COLLICULI

80
Q

protrusions on top of MIDBRAIN that = part of AUDITORY SYSTEM

A

INFERIOR COLLICULI

81
Q

“little brain” at back of brain that:
- controls fine motor control/balance
- role in many cog processes
- has IPSILATERAL motor organization

A

CEREBELLUM

82
Q

region of METENCEPHALON that:
- connects CORTEX + CEREBELLUM
- has vestibular functions (balance)
- controls sleep + arousal

A

PONS

83
Q

Where is the SUPERIOR OLIVE located?

A

in the PONS

84
Q

region of MYENCEPHALON that controls reflexes/respiratory/heart rate + contains RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM

A

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

85
Q

system in MEDULLA that controls arousal/attn/sleep-wake cycles

A

RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM

86
Q

hollow tube closed at rostral end that = origin of CNS

A

NEURAL TUBE

87
Q
  1. part of ECTODERM thickens + forms a plate
  2. edges of plate curl toward each other creating NEURAL GROOVE
  3. DAY 21: NEURAL GROOVE closes to form NEURAL TUBE
  4. DAY 28: NEURAL TUBE = closed at rostral end, develops 3 interconnected chambers which become VENTRICLES + tissue surrounding them become FOREBRAIN/MIDBRAIN/HINDBRAIN
A

STEPS OF GROSS BRAIN DEVELOPMENT IN EMBRYO

88
Q

When do wrinkles in brain start to form?

A

7 MONTHS

89
Q

stem cells lining inside of NEURAL TUBE that give rise to cells of CNS

A

PROGENITOR CELLS

90
Q

layer of cells that line inside of NEURAL TUBE which contains PROGENITOR CELLS that divide + give rise to cells of CNS

A

VENTRICULAR ZONE (VZ)

91
Q
  1. cell birth
  2. cell migration
  3. cell differentiation
  4. cell maturation (axon/dendritic growth)
  5. synaptogenesis (formation of synapses)
  6. cell death (synaptic pruning)
A

STEPS OF CELL GROWTH/DEVELOPMENT

92
Q

special glia w fibres that grow OUTWARD from VENTRICULAR ZONE to surface of cortex that provide guidance for neurons migrating outward during brain development

A

RADIAL GLIA

93
Q

growth of dendritic branches

A

DENDRITIC ARBORIZATION

94
Q

AXONS grow ____ than DENDRITES do

A

faster

95
Q

process where UNNECESSARY neural connections = KILLED OFF

A

SYNAPTIC PRUNING

96
Q

protein that promotes survival + without successful contact w another neuron, dendrite will not receive enough

A

NEUROTROPHIN

97
Q

cell death

A

APOPTOSIS

PSYC2360 (17 decks)

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