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PSYC2360 > 14: SLEEP > Flashcards

14: SLEEP Flashcards

1
Q

electrical potential recorded from electrode placed on/in a muscle

A

ELECTROMYOGRAM (EMG)

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2
Q

electrical potential from EYES recorded by means of electrodes placed on skin around them

A

ELECTRO-OCULOGRAM (EGO)

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3
Q
  1. AWAKE
  2. STAGE 1
  3. STAGE 2
  4. STAGE 3
  5. STAGE 4
  6. REM SLEEP
A

STAGES OF SLEEP

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4
Q

type of AWAKE activity that involves SMOOTH electrical activity of 8-12 Hz (medium freq) recorded from brain

A

ALPHA ACTIVITY

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5
Q

ALPHA ACTIVITY = assoc w state of ___

A

RELAXATION

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6
Q

type of AWAKE activity that involves IRREGULAR electrical activity of 13-30 Hz (low-amplitude) recorded from brain

A

BETA ACTIVITY

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7
Q

BETA ACTIVITY = assoc w state of ___

A

AROUSAL

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8
Q

activity that occurs when person = ALERT/ATTENTIVE to events in envmt/is thinking ACTIVELY

A

DESYNCHRONY

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9
Q

2 BASIC PATTERNS (TYPES) OF ACTIVITY EEG SHOWS WHEN PERSON = AWAKE

A
  1. ALPHA ACTIVITY
  2. BETA ACTIVITY
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10
Q

SLEEP STAGE CHARACTERIZED BY:
- THETA ACTIVITY
- transition btwn sleep/wakefulness
- HYPNIC JERKS
- falling sensation in sleep

A

STAGE 1 SLEEP

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11
Q

type of STAGE 1 SLEEP activity w EEG activity of 3.5-7.5 Hz that occurs intermittently during EARLY stages of SLOW-WAVE/REM SLEEP

A

THETA ACTIVITY

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12
Q

muscle contractions followed by relaxation

A

HYPNIC JERKS

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13
Q

SLEEP STAGE CHARACTERIZED BY:
- irregular EEG
- periods of THETA ACTIVITY
- SLEEP SPINDLES
- K COMPLEXES

A

STAGE 2 SLEEP

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14
Q

short bursts of wave of 12-14 Hz that occur btwn 2-5x/minute during STAGES 1-3

A

SLEEP SPINDLES

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15
Q

SLEEP SPINDLES = assoc w ___ + ___

A

MEMORIES + INTELLIGENCE

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16
Q

sudden/sharp waveforms that spontaneously occur 1x/min usually found only during STAGE 2 (can be triggered by noises)

A

K COMPLEXES

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17
Q

DEEPEST SLEEP STAGE CHARACTERIZED BY:
- SLOW-WAVE SLEEP
- DELTA ACTIVITY

A

STAGE 3 SLEEP

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18
Q

non-REM stage of sleep characterized by DELTA ACTIVITY IN EEG

A

SLOW-WAVE SLEEP

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19
Q

regular/synchronous activity of >3.5 Hz (high amplitude) that occurs during DEEPEST stages of SW SLEEP

A

DELTA ACTIVITY

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20
Q

SLEEP STAGE CHARACTERIZED BY 50% of DELTA ACTIVITY from STAGE 3 SLEEP

A

STAGE 4 SLEEP

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21
Q

period of DESYNCHRONIZED EEG activity during sleep that involves:
- DREAMING
- RAPID EYE MVMTS
- MUSCULAR PARALYSIS

A

REM SLEEP (PARADOXICAL SLEEP)

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22
Q

prohibition of mvmt that occurs during REM SLEEP bc most of spinal/cranial motor neurons = STRONGLY INHIBITED

A

SLEEP PARALYSIS

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23
Q

sleep cycle w alternating periods of REM/NON-REM SLEEP = ___ long (mins)

A

90 mins

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24
Q

duration of REM SLEEP within 90 min sleep cycle = ___ long (mins)

A

20-30 mins

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25
how many REM SLEEP periods = within 8 hr sleep?
4-5
26
first half of sleep = ___ SLEEP
SLOW-WAVE
27
DURING DREAMING: INCR vivid imagery = caused by INCR ___
CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW TO VISUAL CORTEX
28
DURING DREAMING: DECR planning/sequence of events = caused by DECR ___
CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW TO INFERIOR FRONTAL CORTEX
29
awareness of dreaming but NOT AWAKE
LUCID DREAMING
30
sleep disorder involving difficulty falling asleep after going to bed/after awakening during the night
PRIMARY INSOMNIA
31
inability to sleep due to another mental/physical condition (pain/substance use/psych condition)
SECONDARY INSOMNIA
32
- cog bhvrl therapy - progressive relaxation techniques - changes in sleep hygiene - HYPNOTICS - benzos/anti-histamines
TREATMENTS FOR INSOMNIA
33
drugs that are AGONISTS at GABA-A receptor that = used to treat INSOMNIA
HYPNOTICS
34
return + INCR in INSOMNIA after patient has STOPPED using sleeping pills
REBOUND INSOMNIA
35
sleep disorder involving cessation of breathing while sleeping
SLEEP APNEA
36
- snoring - feeling sleepy/groggy during day
SYMPTOMS OF SLEEP APNEA
37
sleep disorder involving: - SLEEP ATTACKS - CATAPLEXY ATTACKS - SLEEP PARALYSIS - HYPNAGOGIC HALLUCINATIONS
NARCOLEPSY
38
NARCOLEPTIC SYMPTOM: irresistible urge to sleep during day after which person awakens feeling refreshed
SLEEP ATTACK
39
NARCOLEPTIC SYMPTOM: complete paralysis that occurs during waking
CATAPLEXY ATTACK
40
NARCOLEPTIC SYMPTOM:paralysis that occurring just before person falls asleep
SLEEP PARALYSIS
41
NARCOLEPTIC SYMPTOM: vivid dreams that occur just before a person falls asleep (accompanied by SLEEP PARALYSIS)
HYPNAGOGIC HALLUCINATION
42
neurological sleep disorder in which person does NOT become paralyzed during REM SLEEP + acts out dreams
REM SLEEP BHVR DISORDER
43
1. NOCTURNAL ENURESIS (bedwetting) 2. SOMNAMBULISM (sleep walking) 3. PAVOR NOCTURNIS (night terrors)
3 MALADAPTIVE BHVRS THAT OCCUR DURING SLOW-WAVE SLEEP
44
disorder in which person leaves bed + seeks out/eats food while sleep-walking but has no memory of it next day
SLEEP-RELATED ED
45
animal that sleeps 1 HEMISPHERE at a time
bottlenose dolphin/porpoise
46
1. cerebral metabolic rate/blood flow DECR 2. recovery from day's physical/cog activities
2 FUNCTIONS OF SLOW-WAVE SLEEP
47
1. important for devmt (higher portion REM sleep during INFANCY/CHILDHOOD stages of devmt) 2. facilitates modest changes in brain responsible for learning the occur throughout adult lifespan
2 FUNCTIONS OF REM SLEEP
48
how is sleep connected to LEARNING?
sleep aids in CONSOLIDATING LTM
49
1. DECLARATIVE (EXPLICIT) MEMORY 2. NONDECLARATIVE (IMPLICIT) MEMORY
2 MAJOR CATEGORIES OF LTMS
50
memories ppl can talk about (EX: mems of past episodes in life)
DECLARATIVE (EXPLICIT) MEMORY
51
memories gained thru experience + practice that do NOT necessarily involve attempt to memorize info (EX: learning to drive a car)
NONDECLARATIVE (IMPLICIT) MEMORY
52
what type of learning does REM SLEEP facilitate?
NONDECLARATIVE LEARNING
53
what type of learning does SLOW-WAVE SLEEP facilitate?
DECLARATIVE LEARNING
54
proportion of REM SLEEP needed ___ as we get older
DECR
55
level of alertness/wakefulness (on a continuum)
AROUSAL
56
neuromodulator that plays role in INITIATION of sleep
ADENOSINE
57
1. ACETYLCHOLINE 2. NOREPINEPHRINE 3. SEROTONIN (5-HT) 4. HISTAMINE
4 DIFF NTS THAT PLAY ROLE IN AROUSAL
58
AROUSAL NT whose AGONISTS INCR EEG signs of arousal + whose ANTAGONISTS DECR EEG signs of arousal
ACETYLCHOLINE
59
AROUSAL NT assoc w CATECHOLAMINE AGONISTS (SPEED) INCR arousal via NORANDRENERGIC system in LOCUS COERULEUS
NOREPINEPHRINE
60
AROUSAL NT whose neurons = found in RAPHE NUCLEI + stimulation of RAPHE NUCLEI causes LOCOMOTION + cortical arousal which facilitates ongoing bhvrs
SEROTONIN (5-HT)
61
AROUSAL NT whose neurons that project to CERERBRAL CORTEX directly INCR arousal + projections to ACETYLCHOLINE neurons indirectly INCR arousal
HISTAMINE
62
group of GABAERGIC neurons in PREOPTIC AREA whose activity SUPPRESSES alertness/bhvrl AROUSAL + promotes SLEEP
VENTROLATERAL PREOPTIC AREA
63
electronic circuit that involves RECIPROCAL INHIBITION of inputs
FLIP-FLOP (CIRCUIT)
64
FLIP FLOP CIRCUIT STATE in which wakefulness neurons = ACTIVE + INHIBIT sleep neurons
ON/WAKE (0) STATE
65
FLIP FLOP CIRCUIT STATE in which sleep neurons = ACTIVE + INHIBIT wakefulness neurons
OFF/SLEEP (1) STATE
66
electronic circuit that controls our cycles of REM/SW SLEEP
REM FLIP FLOP
67
REM-ON/REM-OFF regions = interconnected by ___ ___ neurons
INHIBITORY GABAERGIC
68
STIMULATION of REM-ON regions (w GLUTAMATE agonists) ___ REM SLEEP
PROMOTES
69
INHIBITION of REM-ON regions (w GABA agonists) ___ REM SLEEP
DISRUPTS
70
STIMULATION of REM-OFF regions ___ REM SLEEP
DISRUPTS
71
DAMAGE/INHIBITION of REM-OFF regions ___ REM SLEEP
PROMOTES
72
ACTIVITY/REST CYCLES = ___ (mins)
90 mins
73
SLEEP/WAKE CYCLES = ___ (hrs)
24 hrs
74
yearly bio rhythm
CIRCANNUAL
75
less than yearly bio rhythm
INFRADIAN
76
daily bio rhythm
CIRCADIAN
77
less than daily bio rhythm
ULTRADIAN
78
a daily rhythmical change in bhvr/physiological process
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
79
stimulus (usually light of dawn) that RESETS bio clock that = responsible for CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
ZEITGEBER
80
nucleus on top of OPTIC CHIASM that contains bio clock responsible for organizing many of body's CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS (including sleep/wake cycle)
SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS (SCN)
81
breeding rhythms that BEGIN as day lengths INCR + END as day lengths DECR
SEASONAL RHYTHMS
82
gland attached to DORSAL TECTUM that produces MELATONIN + plays role in CIRCADIAN/SEASONAL RHYTHMS
PINEAL GLAND
83
hormone secreted during night by PINEAL GLAND that plays role in CIRCADIAN/SEASONAL RHYTHMS
MELATONIN
84
seasonal affective disorder
SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER
85
1. shift work 2. jet lag
2 CAUSES FOR CHANGES IN CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS

PSYC2360 (17 decks)

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