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PSYC2360 > 14: SLEEP > Flashcards

14: SLEEP Flashcards

1
Q

electrical potential recorded from electrode placed on/in a muscle

A

ELECTROMYOGRAM (EMG)

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2
Q

electrical potential from EYES recorded by means of electrodes placed on skin around them

A

ELECTRO-OCULOGRAM (EGO)

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3
Q
  1. AWAKE
  2. STAGE 1
  3. STAGE 2
  4. STAGE 3
  5. STAGE 4
  6. REM SLEEP
A

STAGES OF SLEEP

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4
Q

type of AWAKE activity that involves SMOOTH electrical activity of 8-12 Hz (medium freq) recorded from brain

A

ALPHA ACTIVITY

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5
Q

ALPHA ACTIVITY = assoc w state of ___

A

RELAXATION

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6
Q

type of AWAKE activity that involves IRREGULAR electrical activity of 13-30 Hz (low-amplitude) recorded from brain

A

BETA ACTIVITY

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7
Q

BETA ACTIVITY = assoc w state of ___

A

AROUSAL

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8
Q

activity that occurs when person = ALERT/ATTENTIVE to events in envmt/is thinking ACTIVELY

A

DESYNCHRONY

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9
Q

2 BASIC PATTERNS (TYPES) OF ACTIVITY EEG SHOWS WHEN PERSON = AWAKE

A
  1. ALPHA ACTIVITY
  2. BETA ACTIVITY
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10
Q

SLEEP STAGE CHARACTERIZED BY:
- THETA ACTIVITY
- transition btwn sleep/wakefulness
- HYPNIC JERKS
- falling sensation in sleep

A

STAGE 1 SLEEP

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11
Q

type of STAGE 1 SLEEP activity w EEG activity of 3.5-7.5 Hz that occurs intermittently during EARLY stages of SLOW-WAVE/REM SLEEP

A

THETA ACTIVITY

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12
Q

muscle contractions followed by relaxation

A

HYPNIC JERKS

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13
Q

SLEEP STAGE CHARACTERIZED BY:
- irregular EEG
- periods of THETA ACTIVITY
- SLEEP SPINDLES
- K COMPLEXES

A

STAGE 2 SLEEP

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14
Q

short bursts of wave of 12-14 Hz that occur btwn 2-5x/minute during STAGES 1-3

A

SLEEP SPINDLES

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15
Q

SLEEP SPINDLES = assoc w ___ + ___

A

MEMORIES + INTELLIGENCE

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16
Q

sudden/sharp waveforms that spontaneously occur 1x/min usually found only during STAGE 2 (can be triggered by noises)

A

K COMPLEXES

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17
Q

DEEPEST SLEEP STAGE CHARACTERIZED BY:
- SLOW-WAVE SLEEP
- DELTA ACTIVITY

A

STAGE 3 SLEEP

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18
Q

non-REM stage of sleep characterized by DELTA ACTIVITY IN EEG

A

SLOW-WAVE SLEEP

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19
Q

regular/synchronous activity of >3.5 Hz (high amplitude) that occurs during DEEPEST stages of SW SLEEP

A

DELTA ACTIVITY

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20
Q

SLEEP STAGE CHARACTERIZED BY 50% of DELTA ACTIVITY from STAGE 3 SLEEP

A

STAGE 4 SLEEP

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21
Q

period of DESYNCHRONIZED EEG activity during sleep that involves:
- DREAMING
- RAPID EYE MVMTS
- MUSCULAR PARALYSIS

A

REM SLEEP (PARADOXICAL SLEEP)

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22
Q

prohibition of mvmt that occurs during REM SLEEP bc most of spinal/cranial motor neurons = STRONGLY INHIBITED

A

SLEEP PARALYSIS

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23
Q

sleep cycle w alternating periods of REM/NON-REM SLEEP = ___ long (mins)

A

90 mins

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24
Q

duration of REM SLEEP within 90 min sleep cycle = ___ long (mins)

A

20-30 mins

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25
Q

how many REM SLEEP periods = within 8 hr sleep?

A

4-5

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26
Q

first half of sleep = ___ SLEEP

A

SLOW-WAVE

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27
Q

DURING DREAMING: INCR vivid imagery = caused by INCR ___

A

CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW TO VISUAL CORTEX

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28
Q

DURING DREAMING: DECR planning/sequence of events = caused by DECR ___

A

CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW TO INFERIOR FRONTAL CORTEX

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29
Q

awareness of dreaming but NOT AWAKE

A

LUCID DREAMING

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30
Q

sleep disorder involving difficulty falling asleep after going to bed/after awakening during the night

A

PRIMARY INSOMNIA

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31
Q

inability to sleep due to another mental/physical condition (pain/substance use/psych condition)

A

SECONDARY INSOMNIA

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32
Q
  • cog bhvrl therapy
  • progressive relaxation techniques
  • changes in sleep hygiene
  • HYPNOTICS
  • benzos/anti-histamines
A

TREATMENTS FOR INSOMNIA

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33
Q

drugs that are AGONISTS at GABA-A receptor that = used to treat INSOMNIA

A

HYPNOTICS

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34
Q

return + INCR in INSOMNIA after patient has STOPPED using sleeping pills

A

REBOUND INSOMNIA

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35
Q

sleep disorder involving cessation of breathing while sleeping

A

SLEEP APNEA

36
Q
  • snoring
  • feeling sleepy/groggy during day
A

SYMPTOMS OF SLEEP APNEA

37
Q

sleep disorder involving:
- SLEEP ATTACKS
- CATAPLEXY ATTACKS
- SLEEP PARALYSIS
- HYPNAGOGIC HALLUCINATIONS

A

NARCOLEPSY

38
Q

NARCOLEPTIC SYMPTOM: irresistible urge to sleep during day after which person awakens feeling refreshed

A

SLEEP ATTACK

39
Q

NARCOLEPTIC SYMPTOM: complete paralysis that occurs during waking

A

CATAPLEXY ATTACK

40
Q

NARCOLEPTIC SYMPTOM:paralysis that occurring just before person falls asleep

A

SLEEP PARALYSIS

41
Q

NARCOLEPTIC SYMPTOM: vivid dreams that occur just before a person falls asleep (accompanied by SLEEP PARALYSIS)

A

HYPNAGOGIC HALLUCINATION

42
Q

neurological sleep disorder in which person does NOT become paralyzed during REM SLEEP + acts out dreams

A

REM SLEEP BHVR DISORDER

43
Q
  1. NOCTURNAL ENURESIS (bedwetting)
  2. SOMNAMBULISM (sleep walking)
  3. PAVOR NOCTURNIS (night terrors)
A

3 MALADAPTIVE BHVRS THAT OCCUR DURING SLOW-WAVE SLEEP

44
Q

disorder in which person leaves bed + seeks out/eats food while sleep-walking but has no memory of it next day

A

SLEEP-RELATED ED

45
Q

animal that sleeps 1 HEMISPHERE at a time

A

bottlenose dolphin/porpoise

46
Q
  1. cerebral metabolic rate/blood flow DECR
  2. recovery from day’s physical/cog activities
A

2 FUNCTIONS OF SLOW-WAVE SLEEP

47
Q
  1. important for devmt (higher portion REM sleep during INFANCY/CHILDHOOD stages of devmt)
  2. facilitates modest changes in brain responsible for learning the occur throughout adult lifespan
A

2 FUNCTIONS OF REM SLEEP

48
Q

how is sleep connected to LEARNING?

A

sleep aids in CONSOLIDATING LTM

49
Q
  1. DECLARATIVE (EXPLICIT) MEMORY
  2. NONDECLARATIVE (IMPLICIT) MEMORY
A

2 MAJOR CATEGORIES OF LTMS

50
Q

memories ppl can talk about (EX: mems of past episodes in life)

A

DECLARATIVE (EXPLICIT) MEMORY

51
Q

memories gained thru experience + practice that do NOT necessarily involve attempt to memorize info (EX: learning to drive a car)

A

NONDECLARATIVE (IMPLICIT) MEMORY

52
Q

what type of learning does REM SLEEP facilitate?

A

NONDECLARATIVE LEARNING

53
Q

what type of learning does SLOW-WAVE SLEEP facilitate?

A

DECLARATIVE LEARNING

54
Q

proportion of REM SLEEP needed ___ as we get older

A

DECR

55
Q

level of alertness/wakefulness (on a continuum)

A

AROUSAL

56
Q

neuromodulator that plays role in INITIATION of sleep

A

ADENOSINE

57
Q
  1. ACETYLCHOLINE
  2. NOREPINEPHRINE
  3. SEROTONIN (5-HT)
  4. HISTAMINE
A

4 DIFF NTS THAT PLAY ROLE IN AROUSAL

58
Q

AROUSAL NT whose AGONISTS INCR EEG signs of arousal + whose ANTAGONISTS DECR EEG signs of arousal

A

ACETYLCHOLINE

59
Q

AROUSAL NT assoc w CATECHOLAMINE AGONISTS (SPEED) INCR arousal via NORANDRENERGIC system in LOCUS COERULEUS

A

NOREPINEPHRINE

60
Q

AROUSAL NT whose neurons = found in RAPHE NUCLEI + stimulation of RAPHE NUCLEI causes LOCOMOTION + cortical arousal which facilitates ongoing bhvrs

A

SEROTONIN (5-HT)

61
Q

AROUSAL NT whose neurons that project to CERERBRAL CORTEX directly INCR arousal + projections to ACETYLCHOLINE neurons indirectly INCR arousal

A

HISTAMINE

62
Q

group of GABAERGIC neurons in PREOPTIC AREA whose activity SUPPRESSES alertness/bhvrl AROUSAL + promotes SLEEP

A

VENTROLATERAL PREOPTIC AREA

63
Q

electronic circuit that involves RECIPROCAL INHIBITION of inputs

A

FLIP-FLOP (CIRCUIT)

64
Q

FLIP FLOP CIRCUIT STATE in which wakefulness neurons = ACTIVE + INHIBIT sleep neurons

A

ON/WAKE (0) STATE

65
Q

FLIP FLOP CIRCUIT STATE in which sleep neurons = ACTIVE + INHIBIT wakefulness neurons

A

OFF/SLEEP (1) STATE

66
Q

electronic circuit that controls our cycles of REM/SW SLEEP

A

REM FLIP FLOP

67
Q

REM-ON/REM-OFF regions = interconnected by ___ ___ neurons

A

INHIBITORY GABAERGIC

68
Q

STIMULATION of REM-ON regions (w GLUTAMATE agonists) ___ REM SLEEP

A

PROMOTES

69
Q

INHIBITION of REM-ON regions (w GABA agonists) ___ REM SLEEP

A

DISRUPTS

70
Q

STIMULATION of REM-OFF regions ___ REM SLEEP

A

DISRUPTS

71
Q

DAMAGE/INHIBITION of REM-OFF regions ___ REM SLEEP

A

PROMOTES

72
Q

ACTIVITY/REST CYCLES = ___ (mins)

A

90 mins

73
Q

SLEEP/WAKE CYCLES = ___ (hrs)

A

24 hrs

74
Q

yearly bio rhythm

A

CIRCANNUAL

75
Q

less than yearly bio rhythm

A

INFRADIAN

76
Q

daily bio rhythm

A

CIRCADIAN

77
Q

less than daily bio rhythm

A

ULTRADIAN

78
Q

a daily rhythmical change in bhvr/physiological process

A

CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS

79
Q

stimulus (usually light of dawn) that RESETS bio clock that = responsible for CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS

A

ZEITGEBER

80
Q

nucleus on top of OPTIC CHIASM that contains bio clock responsible for organizing many of body’s CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS (including sleep/wake cycle)

A

SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS (SCN)

81
Q

breeding rhythms that BEGIN as day lengths INCR + END as day lengths DECR

A

SEASONAL RHYTHMS

82
Q

gland attached to DORSAL TECTUM that produces MELATONIN + plays role in CIRCADIAN/SEASONAL RHYTHMS

A

PINEAL GLAND

83
Q

hormone secreted during night by PINEAL GLAND that plays role in CIRCADIAN/SEASONAL RHYTHMS

A

MELATONIN

84
Q

seasonal affective disorder

A

SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER

85
Q
  1. shift work
  2. jet lag
A

2 CAUSES FOR CHANGES IN CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS

PSYC2360 (17 decks)

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