18 AMNESIA Flashcards
brain region important for STM
FRONTAL LOBES
brain regions for processing STM to LTM
- TEMPORAL LOBES (HIPPOCAMPUS + AMYGDALA)
- DIENCEPHALON (THALAMUS/HYPOTHALAMUS/MAMILLARY BODIES)
loss of memory for events caused by injury/certain degenerative diseases
AMNESIA
loss of memory for events PRIOR to injury
RETROGRADE AMNESIA
inability to form NEW mems
ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA
period of time AFTER brain injury in which NEW mems CANNOT be formed (+ patient = disoriented in time/space)
POST-TRAUMATIC AMNESIA (PTA)
severe ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA caused by chronic ALC USE/MALNUTRITION
KORSAKOFF’S AMNESIA
- patient who suffered from EPILEPSY caused by head injury at age 9
- epilepsy could NOT be controlled thru drug interventions
- underwent BILATERAL TEMPORAL LOBOTOMIES that were SUCCESSFUL in treating EPILEPSY
- surgery produced SEVERE ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA but memory for past was intact (could remember childhood)
- EPISODIC MEM = LOST but SEMANTIC MEM = INTACT
PATIENT HM
LOBES that consist of RHINAL FISSURE, PERIRHINAL CORTEX, ENTORHINAL CORTEX, AMYGDALA + HIPPOCAMPUS
MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBES (MTL)
removal of ___ produces memory impairment similar to KORSAKOFF’S SYNDROME + the critical site of damage = HIPPOCAMPUS
MTL
HIPPOCAMPUS = NOT THESE 3 THINGS
- LOCATION OF LTM
- NECESSARY FOR RETRIEVAL OF LTM
- LOCATION OF STM
HIPPOCAMPUS IS THIS
RESPONSIBLE FOR CONVERTING STM INTO LTM
STM of an event retained by ___ ___
NEURAL ACTIVITY
LTM consists of relatively permanent ___
BIOCHEM/STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN NEURONS
- patient w small lesion in left DORSOMEDIAL NUCLEUS OF THALAMUS
- similar pattern of deficits to HM
- had RETROGRADE AMNESIA for 2 yrs preceding accident
- had almost complete ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA
- EPISODIC MEM = LOST but SEMANTIC MEM = INTACT
PATIENT NA
- IMMEDIATE MEMORY: can recite back several words immediately (within 5 mins, no recollection of words)
- MEM FOR REMOTE EVENTS: can remember childhood
- FACTUAL KNOWLEDGE: can remember that water boils at 100 C
- PERCEPTUAL/MOTOR MEM: remember how to ride a bike
- LANG/SOCIAL SKILLS
- PROCEDURAL LEARNING: mirror drawing
- personality/intellectual functioning
FUNCTIONS LEFT INTACT FOR PATIENTS HM/CLIVE/NA W SEVERE AMNESIA
2 BRAIN REGIONS CRITICAL IN ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA
- PARAHIPPOCAMPAL CORTEX
- AMYGDALA
region of LIMBIC CORTEX adjacent to HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION that relays info w PERIRHINAL CORTEX btwn the ENTORHINAL CORTEX + other regions of the brain
PARAHIPPOCAMPAL CORTEX
brain region only important for EMOITIONAL content of memories (FLASHBULB MEMS)
AMYGDALA
patient w BILATERAL AMYGDALA DAMAGE who could NOT establish conditioned EMOTIONAL responses
DOUBLE DISSOCIATION PATIENT SM
patient w BILATERAL HIPPOCAMPAL DAMAGE who could NOT remember testing procedure + whose EPSIODIC MEM = impaired
DOUBLE DISSOCIATION PATIENT WC
patient w BILATERAL DAMAGE TO AMYGDALA + HIPPOCAMPUS who could NOT establish emotional responses OR remember testing procedure
DOUBLE DISSOCIATION PATIENT RH
permanent ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA caused by brain damage
KORSAKOFF’S AMNESIA
brain regions damaged in KORSAKOFF’S SYNDROME
parts of DIENCEPHALON (MAMMILO-THALAMIC TRACT)
