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PSYC2360 > 15: SEX > Flashcards

15: SEX Flashcards

1
Q

set of bio attributes in humans/animals

A

SEX

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2
Q

socially constructed roles/hbvrs/expressions/identities of girls/women/boys/men/gender diverse ppl

A

GENDER

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3
Q

single gene on Y CHROM that produces TESTIS (causes formation of testicles)

A

SRY (SEX-DETERMINING REGION) Y

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4
Q

2 DIFF EFFECTS OF HORMONES

A
  1. ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTS
  2. ACTIVATION EFFECTS
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5
Q

effect of a hormone on tissue DIFFERENTIATION + DEVMT

A

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTS

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6
Q

effect of a hormone that occurs in FULLY DEVELOPED ORGANISM

A

ACTIVATIONAL EFFECTS

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7
Q

TESTOSTERONE stimulates ___

A

DIFFERENTIATION

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8
Q

bio system involving embryonic precursors to FEMALE sex organs

A

MULLERIAN SYSTEM

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9
Q

bio system involving embryonic precursors to MALE sex organs

A

WOLFFIAN SYSTEM

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10
Q

2 TYPES OF HORMONES SECRETED BY TESTES

A
  1. ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE
  2. ANDROGENS
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11
Q

peptide (hormone) secreted by fetal TESTES that INIHIBITS devmt of MULLERIAN SYSTEM which would otherwise become female sex organs

A

ANTI-MULLERIAN SYSTEM

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12
Q

effect of ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE present in early devmt that REDUCES/PREVENTS later devmt of FEMALE anatomical/bhvrl characteristics

A

DEFEMINIZING EFFECT

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13
Q

hormone that stimulate devmt of WOLFFIAN SYSTEM

A

ANDROGENS

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14
Q

effect of ANDROGENS present in early devmt that PROMOTES later devmt of MALE anatomical/bhvrl characteristics

A

MASCULINIZING EFFECT

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15
Q

absence of ___ leads to devmt of FEMALE organs

A

ANDROGENS

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16
Q

2 DIFF ANDRGOENS RESPONSIBLE FOR MASCULINIZATION

A
  1. TESTOSTERONE
  2. DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE
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17
Q

principal ANDROGEN found in males

A

TESTOSTERONE

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18
Q

ANDROGEN produced from testosterone thru action of enzyme 5a reductase

A

DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE

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19
Q

GENETIC DISORDER:
- XY FEMALE
- insensitive to ANDROGENS

A

ANDROGEN INSENSITIVITY SYNDROME

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20
Q

genetic mutation that prevents formation of function ANDROGEN receptors (located on X chromosome)

A

CAUSE OF ANDROGEN INSENSITIVITY SYNDROME

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21
Q
  • ANDROGENS have NO MASCULINIZING EFFECT
  • male sex organs do NOT develop
  • ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE still has DEFEMINIZING EFFECT
  • female internal sex organs do NOT develop + vag = shallow
A

EFFECTS OF ANDROGEN INSENSITIVITY DISORDER

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22
Q

GENETIC DISORDER:
- ppl who develop BOTH male + female sex organs
- genetic MALES

A

PERSISTENT MULLERIAN DUCT SYNDROME

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23
Q

failure to produce ANTI MULLERIAN HORMONE/receptors for it

A

CAUSE OF PERSISTENT MULLERIAN DUCT SYNDROME

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24
Q

GENETIC DISORDER:
- exposure of female fetus to ANDROGENS
- genetic FEMALES

A

CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA (CAH)

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25
- enlarged clit - fused labia - boyish bhvr
EFFECTS OF CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA (CAH)
26
GENETIC DISORDER: - presence of only 1 sex chromosome in humans (X chromosome) - X0 FEMALE
TURNER SYNDROME
27
MONOSOMY (lack of Y chromosome = no genetic info carried from sperm of father)
CAUSE OF TURNER SYNDROME
28
- testes/ovaries do NOT develop - bio devmt = FEMALE (internal/external female sex fts) - infertility - short stature/webbed neck
EFFECTS OF TURNER SYNDROME
29
GENETIC DISORDER: - XXY MALES
KLINEFELTER SYBDROME
30
TRISOMY (extra X chrom)
CAUSE OF KLINEFELTER SYNDROME
31
- testes do NOT develop as normal (remain smol) - infertility
EFFECTS OF KLINEFELTER SYNDROME
32
GENETIC DISORDER: - SUPER MALE - XYY MALE
XYY
33
TRISOMY (extra Y chrom)
CAUSE OF XYY
34
- more physically active as children - delayed emotional maturity - sexual devmt = normal
EFFECTS OF XYY
35
GENETIC DISORDER: - SUPER FEMALES - XXX FEMALE
XXX
36
TRISOMY (extra X chrom)
CAUSE OF XXX
37
- quiet/passive as infants - delayed devmt in motor function/speech/maturation - normal physical/sexual devmt - normal-slightly diminished fertility
EFFECTS OF XXX
38
hypothalamic hormone that stimulates pITUITARY GLAND to secrete GONADOTROPIC HORMONE
GONADOTROPIC-RELEASING HORMONES (GnRH)
39
hormone of PITUITARY GLAND that has STIMULATING effect on cells of GONADS
GONADOTROPIC HORMONES
40
1. FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) 2. LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)
2 TYPES OF GONADOTROPIC HORMONES
41
fancy term for ovaries/testes
GONADS
42
principle ESTROGEN of humans
ESTRADIOL
43
sex hormones that cause maturation of FEMALE genitalia
ESTROGEN
44
principal ANDROGEN found in males
TESOSTERONE
45
sex hormones that cause maturation of MALE genitalia
ANDROGEN
46
reproduction by simple CELL DIVISION (used by unicellular organisms)
FISSION
47
reproduction by MULTICELLULAR DUPLICATION (cloning)
PARTHENOGENESIS
48
chemical released by one animal that affects bhvr/physiology of another animal (by smell/taste)
PHEROMONES
49
sensory organ that detects PHEROMONES (esp when liquid = actively sniffed)
VOMERONASAL ORGAN (VNO)
50
VOMERONASAL ORGAN = connected to nasal passage + projects to ___
ACCESSORY OLFACOTRY BULB
51
neural structure located in main OLFACTORY BULB that receives info from VOMERONASAL ORGAN
ACCESSORY OLFACTORY BULB
52
1. ACCESSORY OLFACTORY BULB 2. MEDIAL NUCLEUS OF AMYGDALA 3. PREOPTIC AREA 4. VENTROMEDIAL HYPOTHALAMUS
STEPS OF VOMERONASAL SYSTEM
53
set of genes that code for proteins involved in IMMUNE SYSTEM
MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY (MHC) COMPLEX
54
it's better to reproduce w indivs whose MHC COMPLEX = ___ to your own
DIFFERENT
55
female mice prefer smell of male mouse urine that comes from males w ___ kind of MHC
dIFFERENT
56
hormone produced by ovary that maintains ENDROMETRIAL LINING OF UTERUS during later part of menstrual cycle + during pregnancy
PROGESTERONE
57
in mice/women on birth control: MHC odour preference switches during ____
PREGNANCY
58
to distribute sex cells as WIDELY as possible
OPTIMAL MATING STRATEGY FOR MALES
59
select HIGHEST QUALITY males available
OPTIMAL MATING STRATEGY FOR FEMALES
60
1. SEXUAL ATTRACTION 2. APPETITIVE BHVR 3. COPULATION 4. POST-COPULATORY BHVR
4 STAGES OF SEXUAL BHVR
61
bhvrs that establish/maintain/promote sexual intereaction
APPETITIVE BHVRS
62
most common APPETITIVE BHVR in males
MAINTAINING PROXIMITY
63
female's interest in COPULATION by seeking out a male/engaging in bhvrs that tend to INCr his sexual interest
PRORECEPTIVITY
64
female's ability/willingness to COPULATE by displaying LORDOSIS (arched back position) when a male attempts to mount her
RECEPTIVITY
65
mating system in which males mate w MORE THAN ONE female + females mate w MORE THAN ONE male
PROMISCUITY
66
mating system in which ONE male mates w GROUP of females in LONG-STANDING relationship
POLYGAMY
67
mating system in which ONE female mates w GROUP of males in LONG-STANDING relationship
POLYANDRY
68
mating system in which ONE female mates w ONE male in long-standing relationship
MONOGAMY
69
term that refers to diffs btwn males/females
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM
70
greater degree of myelination in males
LONGITUDINAL FASICULI
71
forebrain region most critical for MALE sexual bhvr
MEDIAL PREOPTIC AREA (MPA)
72
stimulation of MEDIAL PREOPTIC AREA INCR male ___ bhvr + damage ABOLISHES it
COPULATORY
73
nucleus in PREOPTIC AREA that = LARGER in males than females + plays a role in MALE sex bhvr
SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC NUCLEUS (SDN)
74
large nucleus of HYPOTHALAMUS that plays role in FEMALE sex bhvr
VENTROMEDIAL NUCLEUS OF HYPOTHALAMUS (VMH)

PSYC2360 (17 decks)

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