5: CORTEX

Question 1

convolutions or bumps of cerebral hemispheres separated by SULCI/FISSURES

Answer 1

GYRI

Question 2

groove in surface of cerebral hemispheres (smaller than FISSURE)

Answer 2

SULCI

Question 3

very deep SULCUS

Answer 3

FISSURE

Question 4

Function of SULCI + GYRI

Answer 4

TO MAXIMIZE SURFACE AREA OF BRAIN (TRIPLES THE AREA)

Question 5

Degree of cortical folding = correlated w ___

Answer 5

INTELLIGENCE

Question 6

• larger representations of HANDS
• neocortical specializations for speech
• extreme hemispheric specialization
• expanded prefrontal cortex

Answer 6

SPECIALIZATIONS OF HUMAN BRAIN

Question 7

brain matter made up of NON-MYELINATED cells that have a layered appearance in cross section

Answer 7

GREY MATTER

Question 8

sulcus that vertically divides FRONTAL/PARIETAL LOBES

Answer 8

CENTRAL (ROLANDIC) SULCUS

Question 9

fissure that horizontally divides TEMPORAL LOBE from FRONTAL + PARIETAL LOBES

Answer 9

LATERAL (SYLVIAN) FISSURE

Question 10

longass fissure that divides 2 hemispheres

Answer 10

LONTIUDINAL (INTERHEMISPHERIC) FISSURE

Question 11

thick band of nerve fibres that connects L+R hemispheres

Answer 11

CORPUS CALLOSUM

Question 12

cytoarchitectonically defined regions of the brain that are colour-coded + assigned numbers

Answer 12

BRODMAN’S AREAS OF THE BRAIN

Question 13

cellular organizations that differ across regions of brain

Answer 13

CYTOARCHITECTONICS

Question 14

practice of mapping functions onto specific regions of brain

Answer 14

CORTICAL TOPOGRAPHY

Question 15

What did Highlings Jackson do?

Answer 15

Discovered the JACKSONIAN MARCH: that specific body parts = involved in epileptic seizures + proposed HOMUNCULUS

Question 16

map of cortical areas that shows a disproportionate amt of cortical area devoted to mvmts of fingers/muscles used for speech

Answer 16

HOMUNCULUS

Question 17

strip of brain in FRONT of CENTRAL SULCUS that contains neurons that control skeletal muscle MVMT

Answer 17

PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX/STRIP

Question 18

strip of brain BEHIND CENTRAL SULCUS that gets primary input from SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM + is involved in SOMATIC SENSATION (pain/touch)

Answer 18

PRIMARY SENSORY CORTEX/STRIP

Question 19

Which body parts get MORE CORTEX area than other regions bc there are more FINE MOTOR CONTROL/TOUCH RECEPTORS in those areas?

Answer 19

HANDS + FACE

Question 20

Which LOBE contains PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX

Answer 20

OCCIPITAL

Question 21

Which LOBE contains PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX

Answer 21

TEMPORAL

Question 22

Which LOBE contains PRIMARY SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX

Answer 22

PARIETAL

Question 23

regions of cerebral cortex that receive info from regions of PRIMARY SENSORY CORTEX

Answer 23

SENSORY ASSOCIATION CORTEX

Question 24

region of frontal lobe in FRONT of PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX

Answer 24

MOTOR ASSOCIATE CORTEX (PREMOTOR CORTEX)

Question 25

sulcus that divides PARIETAL/OCCIPITAL LOBES

Answer 25

PARIETAL-OCCIPITAL SULCUS

Question 26

region of posterior OCCIP LOBE whose primary input = from visual system

Answer 26

PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX

Question 27

fissure in OCCIP LOBE that separates UPPER + LOWER BANKS which contain PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX

Answer 27

CALCARINE FISSURE

Question 28

OCCIP LOBE BANK that contains LOWER visual field

Answer 28

UPPER BANK (CUNEUS)

Question 29

OPPIC LOBE BANK that contains UPPER visual field

Answer 29

LOWER BANK (LINGUAL GYRUS)

Question 30

mapping of the visual field onto VISUAL CORTEX

Answer 30

RETINOTOPY

Question 31

3 VISUAL FIELD DEFECTS

Answer 31

1. SCOTOMA 2. QUADRANTOPIA 3. HEMIANOPIA

Question 32

blind spot/partial loss of vision caused by small lesion in brain

Answer 32

SCOTOMA

Question 33

condition where entire quadrant of visual field = blind caused by bigger lesion in brain

Answer 33

QUADRANTOPIA

Question 34

condition where entire side of visual field = blind caused by rlly big lesion in brain

Answer 34

HEMIANOPIA

Question 35

cortical area that integrates sensory info from multiple modalities + is responsible for GOAL DIRECTED ACTIONS

Answer 35

PARIETAL ASSOCIATION CORTEX

Question 36

2 TYPES OF SUPERIOR PARIETAL CORTEX DAMAGE

Answer 36

1. OPTIC ATAXIA 2. BALINT'S SYNDROME

Question 37

inability to accurately point/reach for objects

Answer 37

OPTIC ATAXIA

Question 38

2 TYPES OF INFERIOR PARIETAL CORTEX DAMAGE

Answer 38

1. APRAXIA (LEFT) 2. HEMISPATIAL NEGLECT (RIGHT)

Question 39

difficulty coordinating hang mvmts

Answer 39

APRAXIA

Question 40

damage to RIGHT PARIETAL LOBE that often results in failure to attend to/represent info appearing on LEFT SIDE of space despite intact sensory processing/visual acuity

Answer 40

HEMISPATIAL NEGLECT

Question 41

area on PARIETAL LOBE concerned w conscious perception of touch/pain/pressure/temp/position/ mvmt/vibration

Answer 41

SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX

Question 42

area of cortex responsible for: - auditory processing - language (WERNICKE'S AREA) - object/facial recognition (AGNOSIA/PROSOPAGNOSIA) - memory - emotional processing (LIMBIC SYSTEM)

Answer 42

TEMPORAL CORTEX

Question 43

region of superior TEMPORAL LOBE whose primary input = from AUDITORY SYSTEM

Answer 43

PRIMARY AUDIOTRY CORTEX

Question 44

sunken region of cerebral cortex that = normally covered by TEMPORAL/FRONTAL LOBES

Answer 44

INSULAR CORTEX

Question 45

area of cortex responsible for: - executive control - planning + guiding bhvr/judgement

Answer 45

FRONTAL CORTEX

Question 46

region of FRONTAL LOBE in front of MOTOR ASSOC/PREMOTOR CORTEX that = less involved in mvmt + more involved in PLANNING/STRATEGIZING

Answer 46

PREFRONTAL CORTEX

Question 47

man injured by tamping iron going thru his skull which affected FRONTAL LOBES

Answer 47

PHINEAS GAGE

Question 48

- became socially inappropriate - had difficulty maintaining job - eventually become sideshow attraction in circus

Answer 48

RESULTS OF PHINEAS GAGE INCIDENT

Question 49

How many CORTICAL LAYERS are there?

Answer 49

6

Question 50

What are the 3 main factors that differentiate the CORTICAL LAYERS from each other?

Answer 50

1. cell size 2. cell shape 3. layer thickness