6. Properties of fluids and solutions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between a mol and molarity/molality?

A

mol: the amount of a substance (in grams) - just think of the animal moles

molarity/molality: the unit for concentration

rity= moles of solute/L

lity= moles of solute/kg

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2
Q

What is Avogadro number for mols?

A

6.02 x 10^23

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3
Q

What are the two processes of solute and water balance involved in osmoregulation?

A

Diffusion and osmosis

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4
Q

Define what diffusion is and what makes particles diffuse easier/harder

A

The process the tendency for molecules of any substance to spread out evenly into the available space

the hotter the solution is, the more substance will diffuse (crash into each other) becuase of thermal motion (think of making a milo)

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5
Q

What’s the fundamental difference between osmosis and diffusion?

A

osmosis is the movement of water accross a semi-permeable membrane.

diffusion is the movement of molecules to spread out evenly into available space

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6
Q

What are the three steps for a solute to cross a membrame. Using proper terminology

A
  1. Solute diffuses from where it is more concentrated to where its less - down its concentration gradient
  2. there is passive transport of molecules (ie no energy)
  3. after passive transport of molecules, the net diffusion becomes a dynamic equilibrium where solute j
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7
Q

What is different about osmosis in terms of water balance compared to diffusion?

A

osmosis is the process of water diffusing across a semi permeable membrane. diffusion is the movement of solutes

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8
Q

What type of permeability do cell membranes have and why is this important?

A

they are semi permeable memebranes which are only permeable to a solvent (eg water) not solutes (eg ions)

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9
Q

Define tonicity and what its determined by

A

the ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water. Its determined on water movement

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10
Q

What’s the difference between osmolarity and tonicity?

A

osmolarity is the property of the particle and water in the solution - without regard to the membrane

tonicity is the solution in refernce to a particular membrane and how much solute is on one side compared to the other

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11
Q

Define what a) isotonic. B) hypotonic. C) hypertonic is

A

isonic is where there is no net flow of solutes because the amount of solutes are even (still a flow though)

hypotonic is when the concentration of solutes inside the cell is greater than outside, net movement in, no net movement out. This lysis the cell

hypertonic is when the concentration of solutes outside the cell is greater than inside, causing a dehydrate, shrivelled cell

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12
Q

what is the result of a hypotonic solution, isotonic and hypertonic solution around a cell?

A

look at image

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13
Q

what is an acid and a base?

A

acid: iis any substance that increaes the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution (below pH 7)

base: is any substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

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14
Q

what is a pH buffer? give an example of two that are used

A

substances that minimise changes in the concnetration of hydrogen an hydroxide ions in a solution (bascially stops it from become acidic or basic)

eg bicarbonte and phosphate buffering in pH homeostais

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