27. Body Movement Flashcards
what are four funcitons of a skeleton?
- a scaffold to support rrame work and protect internal organs
- lever which is required for movment
- mineral stores of calcium and phosphours
- the produciton of important blood cells (RBC and WBC)
what is involved in the axial skeleton? (4 points)
and appendicular skeleton
- the skull
- sternum
- ribs
- vertebrae
appendicular skelton is everything else
what are the 5 types of bones?
- the long bone
- short bone
- flat bone
- irregular bone
- sesamoid bone
what is the definition of a joint?
bones held tightly together by fibrous connective tissue or cartiliage
what are the three main types of joints?
fixed - immovable and fibrous (skull)
semi moveable (cartiliginous) - vertebrae
moveable (synioval) - shoulder
what is the structure and function of a fixed/immovable joint?
they overlap and interlock, held together by fibrous connective tissue. this is to protect important organs inside - eg brain
what is the structure and funciton of semi moveable joints?
they are held togtether by ligaments and joined by articular cartilage. this is so they can move but still be stable and provide support. also act as a shock absorber
what is the structure and function of movable synovial joints?
synovial fluid fills the cavity wtih articular cartilage at the end of the bone. allows for fluid movement and flexibilty it the joint
what are the 5 types of synovial joints?
- hinge - fingers and elbow
- ball and socket - shoulder
- pivot - neck
- saddle - thumb
- gliding - scapula
what are ligaments?
very strong bands of fabrous connective tissue, hold the bones of a joint together
what are the three types of muscle?
caridac muscle
smooth muscle
skeltal muscle
how do muscles move?
they can only pull - not push
ie they can lenghthen under tenstion or actively shorten
when a muscle moves, what happens to the bones and joints surrounding it?
they exert a force on a bone via a tendon
this cause rotation around a joint
the bones act as levers around the pivots or fulcurm of the joints
shortneing occurs when resistance occurs
what is the first class lever?
the head resting on the the verebral column - posterior neck muscles provide musle force
its effiecent
what is a second class lever?
rising up on your toes - resistance is the body weight
a good lever that can overcome large loads with less effort
what is a third class lever?
elbox flexion - resistance is weight of the forearm and the fulcrum is the elbow joint
its the most common lever but its a poor lever - although its fast and has a large ROM
what is the muscle attachement performance trade off?
the further the muscle attachemnt form the joint (fulcrum) the greater the force but less range of motion and speed
this is why theres a trade off
