32. Using energy to meet environmental challenges Flashcards
what is energy metabolism? (4 points)
the sum of all processes by which animals
require
inter-convert
use
and dispose of
what three things does eneryg metabolism involve?
ingestion of food
oxidising the energy
capturing it in the form of chemical energy
define energy
the capacity to do work
define heat
energy in its most random form
define work
the product of force x displacement
what is a calorie?
the amount of energy to increase 1 gram of water by 1 degrees
what is a joule?
the amount of energy required to move one newton one metre
what is the first law of thermodynamics?
energy can be transferred or transforemd but not created or destroyed
whats the second law of thermodynamics?
the univrese strives towards chaos - the randomess of molecular movement
to create order there must be energy
how is energy released from ATP?
the hyrolysis of ATP occurs to break the bond in one phosphate
define metabolism
the sum of all chemical reactions within the bdoy
how does thyroxin control metabolic rate?
- increasing the metabolic process
- favours heat energy over ATP production in the cold
what is the basal metabolic rate?
the minimum energy required to sustain the body under standard conditionns
what are the standard conditions for measuring the BMR? four points
- muscles relaxed
- thermoneutral envionrment
- 50% of BMR energy spent on cell maintanence
- 50% of BMR energy spent on basic organ functions
what are two ways to meausre BMR?
direct calorimetry: measure heat production by animal
indirect calorimetry: meausre oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide proudction by the animal (what we did in the lab)
what are the impacts on BMR due to the size of the animal?
the larger the animal, the higher the BMR due to basic functions being larger and the more cells they have. however the amount an animal eats is relative to body mass
