32. Using energy to meet environmental challenges Flashcards

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1
Q

what is energy metabolism? (4 points)

A

the sum of all processes by which animals

require

inter-convert

use

and dispose of

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2
Q

what three things does eneryg metabolism involve?

A

ingestion of food

oxidising the energy

capturing it in the form of chemical energy

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3
Q

define energy

A

the capacity to do work

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4
Q

define heat

A

energy in its most random form

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5
Q

define work

A

the product of force x displacement

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6
Q

what is a calorie?

A

the amount of energy to increase 1 gram of water by 1 degrees

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7
Q

what is a joule?

A

the amount of energy required to move one newton one metre

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8
Q

what is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

energy can be transferred or transforemd but not created or destroyed

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9
Q

whats the second law of thermodynamics?

A

the univrese strives towards chaos - the randomess of molecular movement

to create order there must be energy

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10
Q

how is energy released from ATP?

A

the hyrolysis of ATP occurs to break the bond in one phosphate

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11
Q

define metabolism

A

the sum of all chemical reactions within the bdoy

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12
Q

how does thyroxin control metabolic rate?

A
  1. increasing the metabolic process
  2. favours heat energy over ATP production in the cold
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13
Q

what is the basal metabolic rate?

A

the minimum energy required to sustain the body under standard conditionns

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14
Q

what are the standard conditions for measuring the BMR? four points

A
  1. muscles relaxed
  2. thermoneutral envionrment
  3. 50% of BMR energy spent on cell maintanence
  4. 50% of BMR energy spent on basic organ functions
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15
Q

what are two ways to meausre BMR?

A

direct calorimetry: measure heat production by animal

indirect calorimetry: meausre oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide proudction by the animal (what we did in the lab)

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16
Q

what are the impacts on BMR due to the size of the animal?

A

the larger the animal, the higher the BMR due to basic functions being larger and the more cells they have. however the amount an animal eats is relative to body mass