16. Central Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the structure and function of the nervous system?

A

Structure: central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Function: autonomic (involuntary) and somatic (voluntary)

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2
Q

What is the difference between a neuron and a nerve?

A

Neuron is just one cell, a nerve is a bundle of neurons which exist only outside the central nervous system

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3
Q

What is the structure and function of a myelin sheath?

A

Structure: coated with a fatty layer of myelin Function: provides electrical insulation to conduct nerve impulses

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4
Q

What is the structure of the brain?

A

A hollow structure formed formed from a tube. Contains white matter (myelinated axons) and grey matter (unmyelated axons)

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5
Q

What is the fluid contained contained in the central cavity in the brain?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid - inside ducts and chambers

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6
Q

What are the six sections of the brain? And what do they do?

A

Cerebrum -‘higher functions’ conscious though, behaviour, learning

Thalamus- relay stations to regulate impulse to and from the cerebrum

Hypothalamus - link between the nervous and endocrine system

Pituitary gland- ‘master’ endocrine gland

Cerebellum - position and coordinating

Brainstem - basic involuntary control functions (breathing)

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7
Q

What are cranial nerves apart of and what do they do?

A

Its part of the peripheral nervous system - they have 12 motor and sensory nerves to control sense, salivary glands, muscles of face etc

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8
Q

Where is the spinal cord located and what does it do? (3 points)

A

Its an extension of the brain into the vertebral column It allows - communicated between the brain and body - communication between parts of the spinal cord -integration for reflexes

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9
Q

Which part is white and grey matter in the spinal cord? (Myelinated)

A

There is central grey matter And peripheral white matter

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10
Q

What are spinal nerves apart of and where do they enter and leave?

A

Part of the peripheral nervous system Enter/leave the spinal cord

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11
Q

What are synapses?

A

Connections between neurons

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12
Q

What is ganglia? What is its function?

A

Sits where large numbers of nerves form synapses (outside the CNS) Ganglia allow integration of information without CNS insolvent

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13
Q

What happens with an action potential reaches a terminal?

A

The release of neurotransmitters inot the synaptic cleft

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14
Q

What does direct synaptic transmission require?

A

The binding of neurotransmitters to Ligand- gated ion channels

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15
Q

What does neutransmitter binding cause?

A

Cause ion channels to open to create a postsynaptic potential

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16
Q

What are the two categories postsynaptic potentials can fall into?

A

Excitatory postsynaptic Inhibitory postsynaptic

17
Q

What are reflexes?

A

Nervous responses that do not involve a conscious decision

18
Q

What is the order of reflexes? (5 steps)

A

Receptor

Afferent neuron

Synapse

Efferent neuron

Effector organ

19
Q

What is the CNS responsible for?

A

Integrating, processing and coordinating sensory data and motor commands

20
Q

What is the difference between cranial and spinal nerves?

A

The nerves in the cranial nervous system enter and leave the brain, whereas the spinal nerves enter and leave the spinal cord