3. Tissues Versus Organs Flashcards
What are 4 biochemical reaction conditions living cells require to live in?
Ph Temperature Metabolic substrate concentrations Energy availability
What are the three things cells must have to maintain homeostais?
Get fresh substrate Store or export products Eliminate waste
What are the four main categories of tissues?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
Where is the epithelial tissue located in the body? What are three of its functions?
It covers the outside of the body and lines organs and cavities
Its a barrier against- Mechanical injury Invasive organisms Fluid loss
How are epithelia classified? Also name five types
Classified by the number of cell layers and the shape of the cells on the free surface
Squamous
Stratified squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Ciliates columnar
study image
What are three functions of epithelia
- protection
- a barrier against invasive microorganism
- stops fluid loss
What is a feature of squamous epithelium, the way it functions and where is it located?
Its feature is that its thin and leaky (squamous squirty)
functions by diffusion - its squirty so it diffuses matter
it lines blood vessels and air sacs of lungs
How do STRATIFIED squamous epithelium regenerate and when is it located?
Its regenerates by cell division (obviously - tissues are cells so it has to right)
located on the outer skin (remember that is stratified like a stratified muscle which you can visibly see) also the linings of esophagus etc where abrasions can occur (stratified = strong)
What is the shape of the cuboidal epithelium, and what does it specialise in?
its dice shaped (CUBOIDAL epithelium)
it secretes, located in kidney tubules and glands - eg thyroid, salivary
What is the structure and function of the columnar epithelium?
It has a relatively large cytoplasmic volume
function: secretes digestive juices, absorbs nutrients and lines intestines
What does the ciliated columnar epithelium form? What is its function and location?
It forms a mucous membrane.. ciliated which are little hairs so think of the nose
cilia move mucous film along surfaces in the nasal passage
What are the two types of glandular epithelium and what are both of their structures relating to function?
endocrine glands - ductless
exocrine glands - ducts
What is connective tissue? What is its structure and function?
Connective tissues function is to bind and support other tissues and their structure is sparkle packed cells scattered throughout an extra-celluar matrix
What is the structure of connective tissue matrix and how does it relate to its function?
structure - contains glycoproteins which funtion to bind and support other tissues
What are the three different types of connective tissue fibres?
Collagen - flexible, non elastic and strong. (Collagen is a colagate tube)
Elastin - strong, elastic, long threads in artery walls. (Elastin is elastic)
Reticulin - made of thin and branched collagen. Joins connective tissue to other tissues (eg holds blood vessels in place)
What are the six types of connective tissue?
- loose connective tissue
- fibrous connective tissue
- cartilage
- bone
- adipose tissue
- blood
What is the structure and function of loose connective tissue?
Loose connective tissue is the most windspread, why do you think that?
structure - has all three fibre types
function - binds epithelia to underlying tissues (it’s the middle man) holds organs in place
What is the structure and function of fibrous connective tissue?
Structure: dense bundles of PARALLEL fibres. Its non elastic and strong
function: attaches muscles to bone and ligaments. Found in tendons
What is the structure (made of) and function (location) of cartilage?
made of collagen fibres and chondroitin sulphate matrix
functions as the surfaces of bones and joints, ends of ribs and between vertbrae
What is the structure and function (2) of bone?
structure is a mineralised connective tissue
functions as providing rigidity of skelton and storage of minerals
What are the three types of cells that contribute to bone growth?
chondocytes
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
What is the structure and function of adipose tissue?
form: loose connective tissue
function: stores fat in adipocytes, insulates the body and fuel
What is the function of brown adipose tissue? when are where is it?
its very metabollicly active, helps control body temperatures.
its found in animals that are very young around their heart and kidenys
What is the structure and function of blood?
structure includes having the extracelluar matrix - plasma, and within the matrix RBC, WBC and platelts.
red blood cells: oxygen
white blood cells: immunity
platelets: blood clotting
What is the structure and three types of muscle tissue?
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
What is the structure and function of skeletal muscle?
Structure: made of muscle fibres, made of myobfibrils. These can be stimulated by nerve impulses
function: attaches to the bones by tendons and is responsible for voluntary movement
What is the structure and function of cardiac muscle?
Structure: thick muscle in the wall of the heart. Its striated (like skeletal)
function: contraction of the heart and signals relayed from cell to cell during the heart beat
What is the structure and function of smooth muscle?
structure: spindle shaped cells, for involuntry movement of body activites
therefore function is in the wall of digestive tract, urinary bladder etc
What is the structure and function of nervous tissue?
Structure: has a cell body and 2 or more extensions - axons (transmit) dendrites (receivers)
function: sense stimuli and transmits signals throughout the animals
