2. Body Organisation Flashcards
Define anatomy
The study of structure
Define physiology
The study of function
Define teleology
The study based on a theory that all natural things are designed to fulfil a particular purpose - all structures have a function
What are the three major functions of proteins in cells
Structure: components of membranes Enzymes: all enzymes are proteins Hormones: most hormones (including all from the pituitary) are peptides or proteins
How can proteins have their structure changed? Four points
Temperatures PH Osmotic pressure Physical factors
Why has a multicellular animal evolved to have specialised cells called tissues and organs? Three points
To maintain a stable internal environment due to the large size low surface-are-to-volume ratio The changing external environment
Why do organisms require a stable internal enviornment?
Because the external environment constantly changes and therefore changes the internal enivonrment, which hinders survival
What are three things cells must be able to do?
Get fresh supplies of substrates Store or export products Eliminate waste
What is an advantage of uni celluar organisms (5)
They can achieve more absorption becuase of the high ratio of surface area to volume Transport of nutrients and excretion can be achieved by diffusion Don’t require strong strenghthing structures Reproduction is easy - mitosis Independent movement is not required in a stable external envionrment - all requirements available
What is a disadvantage of unicellular organisms
Can’t be large animals because the protoplasm cant be effective if to large (protoplasm - includes organelles, nucleus etc) This would cause insuffienent internal transport and internal communication
What is an advantage of multicellular organisms (3)
Organisms can be large Have evolved organs and tissues to maintain a stable internal environment Organisms have developed behaviour responses to adapt to changes in their enviornment
What are disadvantages of multicellular organisms (6)
The ability or absorb food and oxygen Transport of factors within the body Excretion Physical support Reproduction Communication and co-ordination between cells
What are the four major types of tissues
Epithelium Connective Muscle Nervous
What is an organ
A specialised centre of body functions composed of different types of tissues
Name the major organs and organ systems. (11)
Heart Lunges Liver Kidney Stomach Intestines Pancreas Spleen Reproductive organs Skin Brain
