24. Micronutrients Flashcards
define a what vitmains are?
they are essential, organic compounds which are used in metabolisms often as a funciton of coenzymes
define what minerals are
they are simple inorganic nutrients which work with nutrients to ensure proper body functioning
how is vitamin D absorbed and what is the function of it?
its made in the skin on exposure it ultra violet light
vitmain D is involved in maitaining calcium homeostasis by increasing calcium absorbtion
possibly prevents diabetes
what are two functions of Vitamin C
its provides collagen synthesis to prevent scuvy
enhances absorbtion of iron
what are two functions of the mineral iron?
a cofactor in haemolglobin to carry oxygen - if low in iron RBC cant carry oxygen (anemia)
theres high levels of iron in myelin sheaths, therefore iron is necessary for cognition
what are two funcitons of the mineral sodium?
regulation of extracelluar fluid (osmosis)
acid-base balance
nerve impulse transmission
muscle contraction
what is meant by water soluable vitamins and name two types.
give an important function of water soluable vitamins
vitamins that are absorbed by the gastroinestinal tract!
this includes all vitamin B’s and vitamin C
vitamin B12 requires gastic intristic factors to be absorbed - by the gastric pits
water soluable vitamins must be consumed daily because they are absorbed in the GI, therefore cannot be stored
what are fat soluable vitamins and name four vitmains this cateogory includes.
where are they stored and why is this important?
they bind to and are absorbed with ingested lipids!
this includes vitamins A, D, E and K
fat soluable vitaimisn are stored in the liver which means they are essential but dont need to be replemished everyday
what is the classical and non classical role for vitamin C?
classical - collagen synthesis (think vitamin C for Collagen)
non classical - enhances iron absorbtion
what is the classical and non classical role for vitamin D?
classical - increases calcium absorbtion (think of our lab)
non classical - prevents diabetes and heart disease (think vitamin D Diabetes)
what is the classical and non classical role for vitamin K
classical - coagulation factors (blood clotting) think vitamin K - Koagluating
non classical - essential for bone health
what nutrient is essential for energy metabolism?
food sources of vitamin B and iodine
which nutrients are involved in fluid and electolyte balance?
sodium and potassium - fluid balance, nerve impulses and muscle contractions
chlorine - fluid balance, nerve transmission and digestion of food (HCl)
what nutrients is responsible for antixoidant function? (4 points)
vitamin E - protects cell memebrane (lipid soluable)
vitamin C - regeneration of vitamin E
beta - carotene, coverts to vitamin A to protect eyes
selenium - a cofactor
what three nutrients are involved in bone health?
calcium - necessary for nerve transmission, muscle contrction and blood pressure
vitamin D - allows absorbtion of calcium
vitamin K - a co enyme for blood clotting
